Atomic Structure Flashcards
What is matter made of?
Matter is built up from large number of small discrete particles called atoms.
Atoms are made of sub-atomic particles, name the three
protons(p) , neutrons(n) and electrons(e).
Where are these sub-atomic particles found?
Protons and Neutrons are found in the nucleus of the atom. While the electrons revolve around the nucleus at great speed.
What is an atomic number?
The atomic number, or the proton number, is the number of protons in a nucleus of an atom.
What is a mass number?
It is the total amount of protons and neutrons in an atom.
What are the charges of sub atomic particles?
Protons are positively charged while neutrons are neutral charged and electrons are negatively charged.
What are isotopes?
atoms of the same element, with the same number of protons but different amount of neutrons.
or
Atoms of the same atomic number, (proton number) but different mass number.
What sub-atomic particles are involved in chemical reactions?
Electrons
What attributes do the various sub-atomic particles give rise to?
Electrons give rise to chemical properties
Neutrons give rise to physical properties such as densities, melting and boiling points.
What are the changes that isotopes cause?
Different physical properties due to the change of the number of neutrons
What are radioisotopes?
Isotopes that emit high radiation. The radiations are dangerous because they can damage living cells and cause cancer.
Name the conditions for the arrangement of electrons.
Maximum of 2 electrons on the first shell, maximum of 8 in the rest of the outer shells.
Name the shell furthest away from the nucleus.
Valence shell.
What happens to elements with atomic structures more than 20?
The group number is used to determine the number of valence electrons.
Define electric configuration.
It shows how the electrons are arranged in different shells in an atom.
(Take the atomic number)
What is the electric configuration of fluorine? (atomic number 9)
2,7
What is the electric configuration of calcium? (atomic number 20)
2.8.8.2
Difference between atomic structure and electronic structure?
For atomic structure, composition of the nucleus (mass number) needs to be shown. While drawing the electronic structure, the composition does not need to be shown.
What do the different groups in the periodic table show?
Elements of the similar chemical properties.
Where are noble gases found?
They are found on the extreme right of the periodic table. (Group 0)
What elements are chemically unreactive?
Noble gases.
What are the special properties of noble gases?
They have their outermost shell fully filled with electrons. This is a very stable structure and thus account for their INERT nature,
Define inert.
Inert is used to describe substances that are chemically unreactive, such as noble gases.
What do other elements do to try and achieve the noble gas structure?
They lose or gain electrons so that their electronic structure is same as that of a noble gas.
Define ions.
It is a charged particle formed when an atom loses or gains electrons
Define cation
A positively charged ion.
Define anion
A negatively charged ion.
What is a tendency of Metals from Group I, II, III?
They tend to lose electrons to form positively charged ions called cations
What is a tendency of non-metals found in IV, VIII
Non-metals tend to gain electrons to form negative ions also known as anions.
Do all elements have isotopes?
No
What is relative atomic mass?
It is the average of the masses of the isotope, taking into account their relative abundance.
What does the group number tell you?
It tells you the number of electrons in the outer shell.
What ions do Non-metals form
They gain electrons to form negatively charged anions.
What ions do metals form
They lose electrons to form postively charged cations.
