Acids and Alkali Flashcards
Define acid.
An acid is a substance which ionises completely to form hydrogen ions in water.
What are the two types of acids?
Mineral acids (man made) Organic acids (found naturally) (weaker)
________ before acids can ionize to form hydrogen ions.
Water must be present before acids can ionize to form hydrogen ions. The hydrogen ions present in the acids enable the acid to exhibit the acidic property.
Give four general properties of acids.
Acids are corrosive
Acids have a sour taste
Acids have pH less than 7 and turn litmus paper from blue to red.
Aqueous solutions of acids are good electrical conductors.
Acids + Reactive Metal= _______
Acids react with reactive metals to form salt and hydrogen gas.
Acid + Reactive Metal = Salt + Hydrogen
What are salts called when they are formed with sulfuric acid?
Sulfate
What are salts called when they are formed with nitric acid?
Nitrate
What are salts called when they are formed with hydrochloric acids?
Chlorides
Traits of Hydrogen gas.
Colourless, odourless gas.
Effervescence will be observed in the experiment as the insoluble hydrogen gas tries to escape from the test tube.
How does one test for Hydrogen gas?
Hold a burning splint near mouth of test tube where gas is given off. If splint is extinguished with a “pop” sound, shows that hydrogen gas is given off.
Hydrochloric acid + Calcium =
Calcium chloride + hydrogen
Sulfuric acid + Magnesium =
Magnesium Sulfate + Hydrogen
Nitric acid + Zinc=
Zinc Nitrate + Hydrogen
Sulfuric acid + iron
Iron(II) Sulfate + Hydrogen
Nitric acid + Nickel=
Nickel Nitrate + Hydrogen
Acids react with all carbonates to form ________.
Acids react with all carbonates to form salt, carbon dioxide, and water.
acid + metal carbonate=
salt+ carbon dioxide + water
Traits of Carbon dioxide gas.
Colourless,
Odourless gas
Effervescence will be observed in the experiment as the slightly soluble carbon dioxide gas tries to escape from the test-tube.
State the test for Carbon dioxide.
If gas forms white precipitate in the limewater, the gas is carbon dioxide.
Nitric acid + Zinc carbonate =
Zinc Nitrate + carbon dioxide + water
Hydrochloric acid + copper (II) carbonate
Copper (II) chloride + Carbon dioxide + Water
Sulfuric acid + Iron (II) Carbonate
Iron (II) Sulfate + Carbon dioxide + water
Acids + Alkalis =
Salt and water
What is the chemical reaction of acids and alkalis?
Neutralization reaction.
Hydrochloric acid + Sodium Hydroxide
Sodium Chloride + Water
Sulfuric acid + Potassium hydroxide=
Potassium Sulfate + Water
Nitric acid + Sodium hydroxide =
Sodium Nitrate + Water
What are the uses of acids?
To make fertilizers, paints
To preserve food
To remove rust from steel/ Iron
Define Alkalis
An alkali is a substance which hydroxide ions OH^- in aqueous solution.
Name some common alkalis
Sodium hydroxide
Potassium Hydroxide
Calcium Hydroxide
What are the general properties of Alkalis
Concentrated alkalis are corrosive
Alkalis have bitter tastes and a soapy feeling
Alkalis have above 7 and turns red litmus paper blue
Alkalis are good electrical conductors.
When alkalis are heated with any ammonium salt form _________.
Alkali, when heated with any ammonium salt, form ammonia gas, salt and water.
Traits of ammonia.
Colourless
Pungent gas
State the test for ammonia.
Place a damp red litmus paper near the mouth of the test tube.
If the colourless pungent gas turns the red litmus paper blue, ammonia is present.
