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Material Science > Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Atomic Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Charge magnitude of electrons and protons

A

1.602x10^-19

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2
Q

Mass of protons and neutrons

A

1.67x10^-27

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3
Q

Mass of electron

A

9.11x10^-31

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4
Q

Refers to the number of protons in the nucleus

A

Atomic Number (Z)

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5
Q

Refers to the sum of the masses of the protons and neutrons

A

Atomic Mass (A)

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6
Q

Elements that have different number of neutrons

A

Isotopes

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7
Q

Used to compute atomic mass/weight

A

Atomic Mass Unit

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8
Q

Corresponds to the weighted average of the atomic masses of the atom’s naturally occurring isotopes

A

Atomic Weight

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9
Q

Is 1/12 the mass of Carbon 12

A

1 amu

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10
Q

How many atoms in one mole of a substance?

A

Avogadro’s Number

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11
Q

Avogadro’s Number

A

6.022x10^23

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12
Q

A set of principles or laws that govern systems of atomic and subatomic entities

A

Quantum Mechanics

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13
Q

Model in which electrons are assumed to revolve around the atomic nucleus in discrete orbitals

A

Bohr Atomic Model

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14
Q

One of its principles stipulates that the energies of electrons are quantized; that is electrons are permitted to have only specific values of energy

A

Quantum Mechanics

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15
Q

Who designed the Bohr Atomic Model?

A

Niels Bohr

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16
Q

Represents an early attempt to describe electrons in atoms, in terms of both position and energy

A

Bohr Atomic Model

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17
Q

Model in which the electron is considered to exhibit both wavelike and particle-like characteristics

A

Wave-Mechanical Model

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18
Q

Position of an electron in the wave-mechanical model is described by a probability distribution or _____

A

Electron Cloud

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19
Q

Electrons are in ____ defined by a probability.

A

orbitals

20
Q

Each orbital at discrete energy level is determined by ___

A

Quantum Numbers

21
Q

Shells are specified by a _____

A

Principal Quantum Number

22
Q

The second quantum number signifies the ____

A

subshell

23
Q

The number of energy states for each subshell is determined by the third quantum number, ___

A

ml (magnetic)

24
Q

Associated with each electron is a ____, which must be oriented either up or down.

A

Spin Moment

25
Q

Two possible values for the fourth quantum number

A

+-1/2

26
Q

What are the quantum numbers?

A

n - principal
l - subsidiary
ml - magnetic
ms - spin

27
Q

Values of energy that are permitted for electrons

A

Electron States

28
Q

This principle stipulates that each electron state can hold no more than two electrons, which must have opposite spins

A

Pauli Exclusion Principle

29
Q

When all electrons occupy the lowest possible energies in accord with the foregoing restrictions, an atom is said to be in its _______

A

Ground State

30
Q

____ or structure of an atom represents the manner in which these states are occupied

A

Electron Configuration

31
Q

Are those electrons that occupy the outermost shell

A

Valence Electrons

32
Q

Electrons found in unfilled shells

A

Valence Electrons

33
Q

States within the outermost or valence electron shell are completely filled

A

Stable Electron Configurations

34
Q

Elements that are virtually unreactive chemically

A

Inert or Noble Gases

35
Q

Valence electrons determine all of the following properties

A

Chemical
Electrical
Thermal
Optical

36
Q

All of the elements have been classified according to electron configuration in the _______

A

Periodic Table

37
Q

What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?

A

Periods

38
Q

What are the Group VIIA elements termed as?

A

Halogens

39
Q

What are the Group IA elements termed as?

A

Alkali

40
Q

What are the Group IIA elements termed as?

A

Alkaline Earth Metals

41
Q

What are the Groups IIIB through IIB elements termed as?

A

Transition Metals

42
Q

Term called to elements that are capable of giving up their few valence electrons to become positively charged ions

A

Electropositive

43
Q

They readily accept electrons to form negatively charged ions

A

Electronegative

44
Q

Which side of the periodic table can you find the electropositive elements?

A

Left

45
Q

Which side of the periodic table can you find the electronegative elements?

A

Right

Material Science (5 decks)

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