Atomic Structure

Question 1

Ammonium

Answer 1

NH4+

Question 2

Hydroxide

Answer 2

OH-

Question 3

Nitrate

Answer 3

NO3-

Question 4

Carbonate

Answer 4

CO3-2

Question 5

Sulfate

Answer 5

SO4 -2

Question 6

Relative atomic mass

Answer 6

Average mass of an atom / (1/12)mass of an atom of carbon 12

Question 7

Electrospray ionisation

Answer 7

Sample is dissolved in volatile polar solvent
Injected through a needle at high voltage
Each particle gains a proton
Particle becomes +1 ion

Question 8

Electron impact

Answer 8

High energy electron is fired from an electron gun
Knocks an electron off each particle
Forms +1 ion

Question 9

FMS acceleration (stage 2)

Answer 9

Positive ions are accelerated by electric field to a constant Ke
Velocity dependent on mass of ion
Lower mass = higher velocity

Question 10

FMS ion drift (stage 3)

Answer 10

Ions separate due to having different mass and same Ke
Ions drift in flight tube of known distance
Time taken to reach detector is measured - used to determine mass
Time of flight depends on velocity

Question 11

FMS ion detection (stage 4)

Answer 11

Positive ions hit negatively charged plate (detector) and pick up an electron
Current flows
Current directly proportional to abundance of ion

Question 12

FMS data analysis (stage 5)

Answer 12

Detector is linked to an amplifier
Current converted to peaks on mass spectrum
Height of peak proportional to size of current

Question 13

Electrospray ionisation equation

Answer 13

X(g) + H+ —> XH+ (g)

Question 14

Electron configuration Copper

Answer 14

1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s1, 3d10

Question 15

Electron configuration chromium

Answer 15

1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s1, 3d5