Atomic Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Nucleons

A

Nucleons are the sub-atomic particles that exist in the nucleus of atoms (protons & neutrons).

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2
Q

What holds protons and neutrons in the nucleus

A

The strong nuclear force holds together protons & neutrons in the nucleus

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3
Q

Electrostatic forces of attraction

A

Electrostatic forces of attraction exist between any positive and negative particles.

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4
Q

Isotopes

A

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. (same numbers of protons and electrons)

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5
Q

Relative atomic mass

A

Relative atomic mass (Ar) is the average mass of an atom of an element (taking into account the relative abundances of isotopes) compared to one twelfth of the mass of one atom of carbon-12

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6
Q

Relative isotopic mass

A

Relative isotopic mass is the mass of an atom of an isotope compared to one twelfth of the mass of one atom of carbon-12.

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7
Q

Atomic number

A

Atomic number (Z) is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element

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8
Q

What is A

A

A = mass number (no. of protons + neutrons in the nucleus)

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9
Q

What is a species

A

A species in chemistry is “a substance composed of chemically identical entities”

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10
Q

Relative molecular mass

A

Relative molecular mass (Mr) of a compound is the sum of the relative atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule compared to one twelfth of the mass of one atom of carbon-12.

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11
Q

Relative formula mass

A

Relative formula mass (Mr) of an ionic compound is the sum of the relative atomic masses of all the atoms in the formula compared to one twelfth of the mass of one atom of carbon-12.

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12
Q

Main shell/quantum shell

A

A main shell or quantum shell is made up of sub-shells containing orbitals, where electrons are found.

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13
Q

Orbital

A

An orbital is a region of space in an atom containing up to two electrons with opposite spins.

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14
Q

Sub-shell

A

A sub-shell is one or more orbitals in the same shell which have the same energy levels.

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15
Q

s-block element

A

An s-block element has its highest energy electron in an s orbital

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16
Q

p-block element

A

A p-block element has its highest energy electron in a p orbital

17
Q

d-block element

A

A d-block element has its highest energy electron in a d orbital

18
Q

Transition metals

A

Transition metals are elements which form at least one stable ion with partially filled d orbitals.

19
Q

First ionisation energy

A

First ionisation energy is the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms in the gaseous state. [ M(g) → M+(g) + e- ]

20
Q

Second ionisation energy

A

Second ionisation energy is the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of 1+ ions in the gaseous state. [ M+(g) → M2+(g) + e- ]

21
Q

Successive ionisation energy

A

Successive ionisation energy is the energy required to remove the electrons one after the other.

22
Q

Periodicity

A

Periodicity is a regularly repeating pattern of atomic, physical and chemical properties with increasing atomic number.