Atomic structure

Question 1

Relative Atomic Mass

Answer 1

The average mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of 1 atom of carbon–12

Question 2

Isotope

Answer 2

atoms of elements with the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons

Question 3

relative isotopic mass

Answer 3

The average mass of an isotope of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of 1 atom of carbon–12

Question 4

First ionisation energy

Answer 4

the energy change when one mole of electrons is removed from one mole of gaseous atoms of that element.

Question 5

State of elements in ionisation energy equation

Answer 5

gas

Question 6

Aluminium first ionisation energy equation

Answer 6

Al(g) —-> Al+(g) + e-

Question 7

1st ionisation energy …… down a group. Why?

Answer 7

decreases, due to shielding from other electrons as more shells and less nuclear attraction

Question 8

1st ionisation energy …….. across a period. why?

Answer 8

Increases, due to higher nuclear charge with not much change in radius so electrons are pulled closer

Question 9

what do jumps in successive ionisation energy show

Answer 9

new quantum shells

Question 10

Max electrons on a shell formula

Answer 10

2n^2

Question 11

Orbital

Answer 11

the region an electron occupies around an atom

Question 12

s shape

Answer 12

spherical

Question 13

p shape

Answer 13

dumb bell

Question 14

d shape

Answer 14

double dumb bell

Question 15

Periodicity

Answer 15

The repetition of properties of elements at repeated intervals across a period.

Question 16

4 key concepts for periodicity

Answer 16

distance from nucleus, nuclear charge, shielding, paired electrons

Question 17

atomic radius……. across a period. why?

Answer 17

decreases due to higher nuclear charge

Question 18

atomic radius …….. down a group. why?

Answer 18

increases due to more electron shells

Question 19

why are noble gases exempt from the atomic radius pattern across a period

Answer 19

They have a paired outer shell electron which repels causing a larger atomic radius

Question 20

Isoelectronic

Answer 20

toms or ions that have the same electronic configuration as each other.

Question 21

Excited electrons

Answer 21

Electron is being promoted from a lower to a higher energy level, Requires an input of energy, Energy is a fixed amount

Question 22

emission spectrum

Answer 22

shows the frequencies of electromagnetic radiation that are emitted by a substance when electrons are returned to the ground state

Question 23

absorption spectrum

Answer 23

shows the frequencies of electromagnetic radiation that are absorbed by a substance when electrons are promoted to higher energy levels