atomic structure

Question 1

what is the relative mass and charge of protons, neutrons, and electrons

Answer 1

protons = 1 and +1
 neutrons = 1 and 0
electrons = 1/1860 and -1

Question 2

What is the radius of an atom

Answer 2

One times 10 to the power of -10

Question 3

What is the radius of a nucleus

Answer 3

Less than 1/10,000 of the radius of the atom

Question 4

What is an isotope

Answer 4

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons

Question 5

What is an ion

Answer 5

Elements That have lost or gain electrons

Question 6

What is the nucleus

Answer 6

The centre of the atom containing protons and neutrons

Question 7

What is a half life

Answer 7

The time it takes for the number of nuclei of the isotope in a sample to half

Question 8

What is irradiation

Answer 8

The process of exposing an object to ionising radiation

Question 9

What is contamination

Answer 9

The unwonted presence of materials containing radioactive atoms or other materials

Question 10

What is fusion

Answer 10

The joining of two like nuclei to form a heavier nucleus

Question 11

What is fission

Answer 11

The splitting of large and unstable nucleus 

Question 12

Alpha particles

Answer 12

Made from two protons and neutrons, blocked by paper and skin

Question 13

Beta particles

Answer 13

High-speed electron, blocked by 5 mm of aluminium foil

Question 14

Gamma rays

Answer 14

Electromagnetic radiation from the nucleus, blocked by lead

Question 15

Radioactive decay

Answer 15

Is random and not possible to predict

Question 16

what is the history of the model of an atom?

Answer 16

John Dalton published his ideas about atoms in 1803. He thought that all matter was made of tiny particles called atoms
J J Thomson carried out experiments and discovered the electron. This led him to suggest the plum pudding model of the atom.
Ernest Rutherford’s scattering experiment

Question 17

what was Rutherford’s scattering experiment?

Answer 17

Ernest Rutherford designed an experiment to test the plum pudding model. In the experiment, positively charged alpha particles were fired at thin gold foil. Most alpha particles went straight through the foil. But a few were scattered in different directions. This evidence led Rutherford to suggest a new model for the atom, called the nuclear model.