Atomic Bonding

Question 1

Covalent simple molecular lattices

Answer 1

Soft, low melting point solids
Soluble in non polar solvents
Insoluble in water
Do not conduct electricity when solid molten of dissolved in a non polar solvent as there are no ions and the electrons are held in tight covalent bonds and cannot move
Made of simple molecules
Covalent bonds holding the molecule together is strong
Forces between one molecules and the next are weak

Question 2

Giant covalent lattices

Answer 2

Hard or flaky crystalline solids
High melting points
Insoluble in most solvents
Do not conduct electricity as electrons are held tightly in covalent bonds are are not free to move about (except graphite)
Made up of atoms joined to each other by covalent bonds in an extended lattice

Question 3

Metallic lattices

Answer 3

Hard
High melting points (not apply to alkali metals)
Malleable and ductile
Good conductors of heat and electricity in solid and molten state
Soluble in liquid metals
Insoluble in other solvents
More reactive metals react with water
Conduct electricity because electrons are free to move

Question 4

Ionic lattices

Answer 4

Hard, brittle crystalline solids
High melting and boiling points
Soluble in water
Insoluble in non polar solvents
Do not conduct electricity in the solid state
Do conduct when molten or dissolved in water
Made up of positive ions and negative ions held together by strong electrostatic forces in a giant ionic lattice
Conduct in the molten or aqueous state as ions are free to move