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Anatomy & Physiology Review > Atlas A: General Orientation to Human Anatomy > Flashcards

Atlas A: General Orientation to Human Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the systems of protection, support, and movement?

A
  • Integumentary System
  • Skeletal System
  • Muscular System
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2
Q

What are the systems of internal communication and control?

A
  • Nervous System
  • Endocrine System
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3
Q

What are the systems of fluid transport?

A
  • Circulatory System
  • Lymphatic System
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4
Q

What are the systems of intake and output?

A
  • Respiratory System
  • Urinary System
  • Digestive System
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5
Q

What are the systems of reproduction?

A
  • Male Reproductive System
  • Female Reproductive System
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6
Q

What are the principal organs of the integumentary system?

A
  • Skin
  • Hair
  • Nails
  • Cutaneous Glands
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7
Q

What are the principal organs of the skeletal system?

A
  • Bones
  • Cartilages
  • Ligaments
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8
Q

What are the principal organs of the muscular system?

A

-Skeletal Muscles

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9
Q

What are the principal organs of the lymphatic system?

A
  • Lymph nodes
  • Lymphatic vessels
  • Thymus
  • Spleen
  • Tonsils
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10
Q

What are the principal organs of the respiratory system?

A
  • Nose
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Lungs
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11
Q

What are the principal organs of the urinary system?

A
  • Kidneys
  • Ureters
  • Urinary bladder
  • Urethra
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12
Q

What are the principal organs of the nervous system?

A
  • Brain
  • Spinal cord
  • Nerves
  • Ganglia
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13
Q

What are the principal organs of the endocrine system?

A
  • Pituitary gland
  • Pineal gland
  • Thyroid gland
  • Parathyroid gland
  • Thymus
  • Adrenal glands
  • Pancreas
  • Testes & Ovaries
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14
Q

What are the principal organs of the circulatory system?

A
  • Heart
  • Blood vessels
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15
Q

What are the principal organs of the digestive system?

A
  • Teeth
  • Tongue
  • Salivary glands
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Large & Small intestines
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Pancreas
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16
Q

What are the principal organs of the male reproductive system?

A
  • Testes
  • Epididymides
  • Spermatic ducts
  • Seminal vesicles
  • Prostate
  • Bulbourethral glands
  • Penis
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17
Q

What are the principal organs of the female reproductive system?

A
  • Ovaries
  • Uterine tubes
  • Vagina
  • Mammary glands
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18
Q

What is included in the axial region?

A
  • Head
  • Neck (cervical region)
  • Trunk
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19
Q

Where and how is the trunk divided?

A

The trunk is divided into the thoracic region above the diaphragm and the abdominal region below it.

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20
Q

Desribe the layout of the quadrants and name each of the nine sections.

A
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21
Q

What two lines split the abdominal region vertically and what two lines split the adbominal region horizontally (Superior and Inferior?

A

Vertical: Midclavicular Line

Horizonal

Superior - Subcostal Line

Inferior - intertubercular line

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22
Q

Where can the abdominal region be split by two perpendicular lines at?

A

Umbilicus (Navel) divide

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23
Q

What is included in the appendicular region?

A

Upper & Lower Limbs

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24
Q

What is a part of the upper limb?

A
  • Arm (Brachial region) (shoulder to elbow)
  • Forearm (Antebrachial region)
  • Wrist (Carpal region)
  • Fingers
  • Hand
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25
Q

What is a part of the lower limbs?

A
  • Thigh (femoral region)
  • Leg (crural region) Knee to ankle
  • Ankle (tarsal region)
  • Foot
  • Toes\
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26
Q

What is a segement of a limb?

A

It is a region between one joint and the next

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27
Q

What does viscera mean?

A

The organs contained in the body cavities, such as the brain, heart, lungs, stomach, intestines, & kidneys.

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28
Q

What is the visceral?

A

(Pertaining to viscera)

The inner or deeper layer of a two-layered memrane such as the pleura, oericardium, or glomerular capsule.

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29
Q

What is the relationship between the cranial cavity and the vertebral canal?

A

They are continuous

30
Q

What does the cranial cavity house?

A

the brain

31
Q

What does the vertebral canal house?

A

the spinal cord

32
Q

What are the cranial cavity and vertebral canal lined by?

A

three membrane layers called the meninges

33
Q

What two cavities does the trunk of the body contain and what are they lined by?

A
  • Thoracic Cavity
  • Abdominopelvic Cavity
  • thin serous membranes
34
Q

What is a serous membrane?

A

a membrane such as the peritoneum, pleura, or pericardium that line a body cavity or covers the external surfaces of the viscera

35
Q

What is another name for a serous membrane?

A

a serosa

36
Q

What are serous membranes composed of?

A

Composed of simple squamos mesothelium and a thin layer of areolar connective tissue

37
Q

What is the thoracic cavity divided by?

A

a thick median wall called the mediastinum

38
Q

What is the mediastium?

A

The thick median partition of the thoracic cavity that separates one pleural cavity from the other and contains the heart, great blood vessels, espohagus, trachea, bronchi, and thymus.

39
Q

What forms the surface of the heart?

A

the innner layer of the pericardium forms the surface of the heart itself and is called the visceral layer

40
Q

What is the heart enfolded by?

A

a two kayer membrane called the pericardium

41
Q

What is the outer layer of the pericardium called?

A

the parietal layer

42
Q

What are the two layers of the pericardium seperated by?

A

the two layers are seperated by the pericardial cavity which is lubricated by pericardial fluid.

43
Q

What is the function of the pericardial cavity?

A

this soace allows the heart freedom of mevement during its contraction and relaxation

44
Q

What is peritonitis?

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

45
Q

Define lumen

A

the internal space of a hollow organ such as a blood vessel or the esophagus, or a space surrounded by secretory cells as in a gland acinus.

46
Q

What is the lesser omentum?

A
  • An anterior mesentery
  • Smaller than the greater omentum
  • extends frim the superomedial margin of the stomch and liver
47
Q

What two names is the visceral peritoneum also called?

A

It is also called a serosa (serous membrane) and a mesentery

48
Q

When is the visceral peritoneum considered a mesentery?

A

at points where it forms a translucent, membranous curtain suspending & anchoring the viscera.

49
Q

When is the visceral peritoneum called a serosa (serous membrane)?

A

at points where it enfolds and covers the outer surfaces of organs such as the stomach and small intestine.

50
Q

What is a mesentery?

A

A serous membrane that binds the intestines together and suspends them from the abdominal wall; the visceral continuation of the peritoneum.

51
Q

What is the greater omentum?

A

The most significant anterior mesentery that hangs like an apron from the inferiolateral margin of the stomach, overlies the intetines, is unattached at its inferior border, and can be lifted to reveal the intestines.

52
Q

What is the posterior mesentery called?

A

the mesocolon

53
Q

Where are the intestines suspended and by what?

A

the inestines are suspended from the posterior (dorsal) abdominal wall by the posterior mesentery (mesocolon)

54
Q
A
55
Q

What happens to the posterior mesentery in some places after wrapping around the intestines or other viscera?

A

The posterior mesentery connues towards the anterior body wall as the anterior mesentery.

56
Q

What is cardiac Tamponade?

A

When the pericardial sac has little room to expand, so the accumulating fluid puts pressure on the heart, squeezing it and preventing it from refilling between beats.

57
Q

What is the visceral pleura?

A

External surface of the lung

58
Q

What is the parietal pleura?

A

lines the inside of the rib cage

59
Q

What is the narrow space between the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura called?

A

It is called the pleural cavity and is filled with pleural fluid

60
Q

What two cavities comprise the abdominopelvic cavity?

A
  • abdominal cavity
  • pelvic cavity
61
Q

What viscera lie in the abdominal cavity?

A
  • most of the digestive organs
  • spleen
  • kindney
  • ureters
62
Q

What viscera lie in the pevic cavity?

A
  • rectum
  • urinary
  • bladder
  • urethra
  • reproductive organs
63
Q

What is on the lateral sides of the thoracic cavity?

A

the lungs

64
Q
A
65
Q

What is the serous mebrane of the abdominopelvic cavity called?

A

peritoneum

66
Q

What is the outerlayer of the peritoneum that lines the cavity wall called?

A

Parietal layer

67
Q

What happens to the parietal peritoneum along the posterior midline?

A

it turns inward and becomes a different layer, the visceral peritoneum

68
Q

What is the function of the visceral peritoneum?

A

Suspends certain abdominal viscera from the body wall, covering their outer surfaces, and holding them in place

69
Q

What is the space between the visceral peritoneum and parietal peritoneum called?

A

-peritoneal cavity

peritoneal fluid

70
Q

What is retroperitoneal position?

A

organs of the abdominal cavity that lie against the posterior body wall and are covered by peritoneum only on the sude facing the peritoneal cavity

71
Q

Which viscera are in retroperitoneal position?

A

the kidneys, ureters, adreneal glands, most of the pancreas, and absdominal portions of the two major blood vessels - the aorta and inferior vena cava.

72
Q

What is intraperitoneal position?

A

organs that are encircled by peritoneum and connected to the posterior body wall by peritoneal sheets.

Anatomy & Physiology Review (4 decks)

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