Atieology, Pathogenesis, Pathophysiology

Question 1

Disease is a state of—-

Answer 1

Alterations in the body

Question 2

Disease is a dynamic process which on set may be?

Answer 2

Acute or chronic
Duration is variable
Result in recovery(partially or fully) or lead to death

Question 3

Division of aetiology

Answer 3

Intrinsic
Acquired(physical, chemical or exposure to microbiologic agents

Question 4

Majority of diseases have simple aetiology. T/F

Answer 4

False. Complex

Question 5

Diseases have complex aetiology so they are referred to as?

Answer 5

Multi factorial

Question 6

Pathophysiology refers to the —— associated with or resulting from diseases or injury and the ——

Answer 6

Functional changes
Scientific study of such changes

Question 7

Diseases are better understood from the perspective of?

Answer 7

Disordered physiology(pathophysiology)

Question 8

Pathophysiology can also be referred to as —— concerned with —-

Answer 8

Physiopathology
Bodily functional change that causes a disease or bodily functional change that result from disease

Question 9

Pathophysiology is concerned with 3 things what are they?

Answer 9

The alteration
The mechanism of disruption
How they manifest as symptoms and signs as well as laboratory findings

Question 10

Pathophysiology provides the link between what and what?

Answer 10

Basic science and clinical practice

Question 11

While PP studies all structural, biochemical, functional changes in cells, tissues, organs in disease state. PP does all with the exclusion of —

Answer 11

Structural changes

Question 12

What is pathogenesis?

Answer 12

It deals with the sequence of events in response of cells and tissues to etiological agents from the initial stimulus to the ultimate expression of the disease

Question 13

A major pillar of pathology involving the biochemical and morphological changes that occur before a disease is manifested is called?

Answer 13

Pathogenesis

Question 14

Concept of normalcy is said to be — to an extent

Answer 14

Arbitrary

Question 15

Concept of normalcy is influenced by?

Answer 15

Cultural values
Biological realities

Question 16

Normal value for CON is measured by?

Answer 16

An average value for that parameter

Question 17

What age reasons for variations?

Answer 17

Diff genetic composition
Diff life styles and environment
Physiological process vary

Question 18

Maintenance of internal constancy is a less essential feature of normalcy. T/F?

Answer 18

False

Question 19

Requirements for cells to maintain normalcy?

Answer 19

Oxygen and nutrients
An environment with narrow ranges of PH, temperature, water and salt

Question 20

What are the 4 aspects of disease process?

Answer 20

Aetiology
Pathogenesis
Molecular and morphological changes
Clinical manifestations

Question 21

Disease is not a new form of life but an —— or —— of new life processes

Answer 21

Extension or distortion

Question 22

What is Health according to WHO?

Answer 22

It is the state of complete physical, social and mental wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity

Question 23

Stages of disease manifestation

Answer 23

Subclinical Latent(incubation)
Clinical manifestation
Recovery or complications

Question 24

Abnormality of a disease can be detected by what?

Answer 24

Laboratory tests-incubation period e.g in Hepatitis

Question 25

Many organs in the body have large reserve A.K.A?

Answer 25

Safety margin

Question 26

When there is an encroachment on normal biological processes the manifestations are often —— which may be ——

Answer 26

Subjective, non-specific

Question 27

What are the two types of symptoms

Answer 27

Objective and subjective

Question 28

Dyspepsia in gastric cancer is also know as? What kind of symptom is it?

Answer 28

Indigestion Subjective

Question 29

A demonstrable structural change produced in the course of a disease which may be microscopic or macroscopic is called?

Answer 29

Lesion

Question 30

Disease are static not dynamic

Answer 30

False

Question 31

Every disease has a range of manifestation or natural history. T/F?

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Manifestations of disease is determined by?

Answer 32

Shift in biological equilibrium as compensatory mechanisms come in Environmental influences on the patient

Question 33

Most causes of diseases are acquired from environments. Some of those causes include?

Answer 33

Infection Mechanical trauma Toxic substance Radiation Nutritional Aberration

Question 34

Most causes of diseases are acquired from environment. What are some of these causes?

Answer 34

Infection Mechanical trauma Radiology Nutritional aberration Toxic substances

Question 35

Characteristics of host that influence diseases are?

Answer 35

Age Gender Past medical history

Question 36

What determines the Pathogenesis of a disease?

Answer 36

Genetic constitution

Question 37

Genetic constitution is almost always important in most diseases because it determines?

Answer 37

Anatomical characteristic Physiological mechanisms Mode of response to injury

Question 38

In infectious disease which is exogenous genetic factors can influence the susceptibility to the infectious agent. T/F?

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Hereditary, environment and host

Answer 39

All three are factors that affect diseases

Question 40

Example of a disease determined largely by genetic errors and expressed regardless of extrinsic influences includes?

Answer 40

Sickle cell

Question 41

Diseases between genetic and extrinsic factors include?

Answer 41

Cancer

Question 42

What is H. Pylori?

Answer 42

It is a spiral, microaerophilic gram negative bacterium

Question 43

H.Pyloric Gastric disease is transmitted via

Answer 43

Oral-oral Faeco-oral route

Question 44

H.pyloric causes multiple diseases in the lower GIT. T/F

Answer 44

False

Question 45

Pathogenesis is an interplay of?

Answer 45

The bacterial factors The host responses Modulating co-factors such as diet and cigarettes smoking

Question 46

Cancer is a complex disorder caused by multiple factors combined. T/F?

Answer 46

True

Question 47

Is breast cancer or retinoblastoma a Hereditary or acquired cancer?

Answer 47

Hereditary

Question 48

Acquired factors are non-modifiable. T/F

Answer 48

False

Question 49

One third of cancer deaths in Africa are due to?

Answer 49

Diet Tobacco Infection