ATIBIOTICS Flashcards
Pharma
What drugs are given as an initial loading dose followed by a maintenance dose?
“Label” or “Sig:”
Antibiotic prescription
the prescriber’s directions to antibiotics vs analgesics
Label:english
Sig.: Latin
***What are antibiotic regimens in dental infection ? vs. Prophylaxis ?
Antibiotic prescription
Dental infection:
short‐term therapy: 3-5 days (high dose)
Long-term therapy: 7-10 days (low dose)
Prophylaxis:
30-60 mins before surgery
dose: up to 2g
Common antibiotic groups in dentistry
Antibiotics in Dental infections
Doses of common antibiotics in dentistry
Frequency of common antibiotics in dentistry
What are 2 general ways antibiotics work?
Bactericidal
Bacteriostatic
Latin Abbreviations of frequency
(stat?)
p.r.n? p.o? sig? disp?
***Give an example of instructions to patient for Azithromycin
First choice? If first line fails? if allergy?
Antibiotic selection algorithm for dental infection
(3 scenarios)
When are antibiotics indicated in an endodontic infection?
***What is the proper duration of antibiotic treatment for dental infections?
What is the antibiotic of choice for an acute apical abscess?
ANTIBIOTICS FOR ENDODONTIC INFECTIONS
Loading dose: meaning? mg? effect?
Why is clindamycin recommended for patients allergic to penicillin? But not for prophylaxis
ANTIBIOTICS FOR ENDODONTIC INFECTIONS
systemic signs and symptoms of infection or spread of infection?9
ANTIBIOTICS FOR ENDODONTIC INFECTIONS
○ increased swelling,
○ malaise,
○ fever >37.8 °C (100 °F),
○ trismus
○ lymphadenopathy,
○ cellulitis,
○ osteomyelitis
○ persistent infection or
○ Persistent exudation after RCT
immunocompromised patients?
ANTIBIOTICS FOR ENDODONTIC INFECTIONS
- Uncontrolled metabolic diseases - usually poorly controlled Insulin dependent diabetic patient
- AIDS
- Cancer (Advanced stages of leukemia and lymphomas)
- 1 year after radiotherapy and chemotherapy
- Organ transplant
- under immunosuppressive medication (cyclosporine, methotrexate)
- Patient with end stage renal disease
Why using systemic antibiotics in periodontal infections?
ANTIBIOTICS FOR PERIODONTAL CONDITIONS
Antibiotics immediately after scaling and root planing can provide more probing depth reduction and gain of attachment with healing improved up to six months.
Periodontic Classification
When are antibiotics indicated in an periodontal infection?
What are necrotizing periodontal diseases (NPDs)
NPDs are bacterial infections caused specifically by Treponema spp., F.
nucleatum, and P. intermedia.
What is the antibiotic of choice for Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases?
metronidazole (250 mg three times a day for seven days)
Which drug exets anticollagenase effect?
Doxycycline
What are topical antimicrobilas? Indications?
chlorhexidine gluconate
2 groups
Which patients require antibiotic prophylaxis?
What are high risk pts of Endocarditis?
ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS
What are immunocompromised pts?
First choice? If allergy type I? If allergy type IV? Adutls/ Kids?
what are the guidelines for prescribing antibiotic prophylaxis?
What is the antibiotic regimen for prophylaxis
Single Dose - 30-60 mins before Procedure
***Antibiotics doses for prophylaxis (Adult, Kid)
Amoxicillin 2g / 50mg/kg
Arithromycin 500 mg / 15 mg/kg
Clarithromycin 500mg
Doxycycline 100 mg / 2.2 mg/kg (<45kg)
***Dental procedures need prophylaxis?
all dental procedures that involve manipulation of gingival tissue or the periapical regions of teeth or that perforate the oral mucosa. EX:
- Implant placement
- Extraction of tooth
- Biopsies
- Suture removal
- Subgingival restorations or placement of periodontal dressings
- Periodontal probing
- Scaling and root planning
- Any oral surgeries
- Endodontic therapy beyond apex
- Orthodontic band placement
- Intra-ligamentary (PDL) and intraosseous injections
***procedures perforate the oral mucosa?
interventions are typically performed with precision and for specific medical or dental reasons. Ex:
- biopsy, oral surgeries, oral piercing,
***Which procedures and events do not need prophylaxis for high risk patients:
- routine ANESTHETIC INJECTION through noninfected soft tissue
- dental radiographs
- placement of removable prosthodontic or orthodontic appliances
- adjustment of orthodontic appliances
- placement of orthodontic brackets
- shedding of deciduous teeth (tooth exfoliation vs eruption)
- bleeding from trauma to the lips or mucosa
*** Antifungal. - the most common ? Dosage
Nystatin suspension
Strength : 100,000 units/unit
Swish and swallow 400,000 - 600,000 units,
7 - 14 days
Wirte a prescription for Nystatin
Nystatin 100,000 units/ml oral suspension
Disp: 300ml
Sig: swish and swallow 1 teaspoon QID for 14 days
Penicillin V for dental infection
Strength?
Dose (Adult, Kid)
Duration
Amoxicillin for dental infection:
Strength?
Dose (Adult, Kid)
Duration
Strength:
125mg, 250mg, 500mg
125/5 ml; 250/5 ml;
Recommend Dose
Adult: 250-500 mg; TID
Peditatric: 7-13 mg/kg, TID
Duration: 5-10 days
Azithromycin for dental infection:
Strength?
Dose (Adult, Kid)
Duration
Wirte a prescription for Amoxicillin for Prophylaxis for Adult
Amoxicillin 500mg
Disp: 4 tabs
Sig.: take all tabs at once / 30-60 mins before appointment.
Repeat: 2 times ( different appointments)
Wirte a prescription for Amoxicillin for Prophylaxis for Kid (20kg)
Amoxicillin 50 mg/kg
