ATI: Infections Flashcards
How is HIV transmitted to the neonate?
- Through the placenta
- Through breastmilk (postpartum)
What is goal for nursing care with HIV patients?
To keep the CD4 cell count greater than 500
When can an expectant mother who has HIV need to deliver through c-section?
What weeks?
When her viral load is more than 1,000 copies/mL at 38 weeks
When can an expectant mother who has HIV delivery vaginally?
If the viral load is less than 1,000 copies/mL at 36 weeks
When would you bathe a newborn who was delivery by a mother who has HIV?
Right after delivery
Is HIV a reportable disease?
Yes
How is toxoplasmosis acquired?
- Through undercooked meats
- Touching cat feces
How is german measles acquired?
Contracted through children who have rashes or if the mother had rubella through pregnancy
How is cytomegalovirus transmitted?
Through droplet infection person to person and through fluids like semen, cervical and vaginal secretions
When HSV transmission greatest risk for the neonate?
If the mother has active lesions and she gives birth through the vagina
Can we give rubella to pregnant women?
No because this can cause an infection in the fetus
When is the best time to give rubella vaccine to a pregnant woman?
Postpartum
What other education can nurses give to women who get the rubella vaccine postpartum?
Women should not get pregnant within 28 days (4 weeks) of getting the vaccine
Client education for preventing toxoplasmosis
- Wash hands
- Cook meat thoroughly
- Avoid cat litter
Client education for preventing cytomegalovirus
- Wash hands especially after handling toys or other children
How can GBS affect the baby?
- Sepsis
- Meningitis
- Pneumonia
- RDS
What are some risk factors for GBS?
- Prolonged ROM (more than 18 hours)
- Preterm delivery
- Use of intrauterine fetal monitoring
- Positive GBS culture in current pregnancy
When are GBS swabs/screening done during pregnancy?
Done during 35-38 weeks
What is the nursing care for GBS in a client who has tested positive?
What is the med?
- Prophylaxis intrapartum antibiotic
Penicillin
Most common reported STI in women?
Chlamydia
What if chlamydia is left untreated?
This can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and can cause ectopic pregnancy or infertility
When is chlamydia screened for pregnant women?
Done at the first prenatal clinic
What can happen if chlamydia is not treated during pregnancy and the baby is delivered vaginally?
The newborn can acquire conjuctivitis
At what week should clients who are pregnant and were treated for chlamydia be re-tested?
At 3 weeks
Name some signs/symptoms for chlamydia in women
- Urinary frequency
- Dysuria
- White-gray discharge
- Postcoital bleeding
- Vulvar pruriutus
What medication is contraindicated during pregnancy and is used to treat chlamydia
Doxycycline
What alternative to doxycycline is used to treat chlamydia in pregnant women?
Azithromycin or amoxicillin
What med do we give ALL newborns after pregnancy to protect from opthalmia neonatorum?
Erythromycin ointment
Along with HIV, is chlamydia a reportable disease to the CDC?
Yes
What are some signs and symptoms of gonorrheal infection in women?
- Dysuria
- Dysmenorrhea
- Yellow-green vaginal discharge
Think: Green = Gonorrhea
Gonorrheal infections in newborns can lead to what?
Opthalmia neonatorum
What syphilis stage do we expect to see chancres?
Stage 1
What syphilis stage do we expect to see maculopapular rashes?
Stage 2
What syphilis stage do we expect to see organ damage?
Stage 2
How can we treat syphilis?
With penicillin G
Which STI is responsible for warts (condyloma acuminata) and risk to cervical cancer?
HPV (Human papilloma virus)
Best prevention for HPV is what?
Vaccination against HPV
A patient presents w/ yellow-green frothy vaginal discharge that is malodorous, what STI do you suspect she may have?
Trichomoniasis
Strawberry spots on the cervix (petichae) are indicitative of which STI?
Trichomoniasis
Medication to treat trichomoniasis?
Metronidazole or tinidazole
Client education while taking metronidazole/tinidazole?
Avoid ETOH
How can we diagnose bacterial vaginosis?
Saline and potassium hydroxide wet smear
At what pH level would be indicatiev of bacterial vaginosis?
a pH of 4.5 or greater
What infection, if left untreated, can cause the neonate oral thrush?
Candidiasis
