ATI

Question 1

What are the analgesics and their important facts?

Answer 1

1) Aspirin
- do not give with other anticoagulants
- stop taking before surgery
- do not give to children with viral infection (Reye’s) syndrome

2) NSAIDs
- contraindicated with GI ulcers

3) morphine
- respiratory depressant

Question 2

what are the important anticonvulsants to remember?

Answer 2

1) dilantin

- gum hyperplasia so regular dental exams

Question 3

what are the important anti-inflammatory steroids to know?

Answer 3

1) prednisone
- Cushing like symptoms
- immunosuppression
- hyperglycemia
- osteoporosis

Question 4

what are the important anti-coagulants to know?

Answer 4

1) heparin
- aPTT
- antidote: protamine sulfate

2) warfarin
- PT, INR
- antidote: vitamin K

Question 5

important anti-Parkinsonian drugs?

Answer 5

1) benzatropine
- treats EPS

2) carbidopa/levodopa
- effective in the absenve of tremors

Question 6

what’s important to know about the beta-blockers

Answer 6

• end in -olol
• do not d/c abruptly
• masks signs of hypoglycemia (monitor BG)

Question 7

important potassium supplements?

Answer 7

1) K+ chloride
- check labs prior to admin
- never give IV push
- caution with K+ sparing DIUR
- don’t admin to patient with renal failure

Question 8

respiratory drugs

Answer 8

1) theophylline

- monitor for tachycardia

Question 9

important cardiac glycoside?

Answer 9

1) digoxin
- toxicity: visual changes (yellow/green halo); loss of appetite
- assess pulse for 60 seconds prior to admin

Question 10

important anti-hypertensive?

Answer 10

1) magnesium sulfate

- used in pre-eclampsia: monitor deep tendon reflexes; assess for resp depression

Question 11

important diuretics

Answer 11

• monitor K+

1) spironolactone
- K+ sparing

Question 12

important psychotropics?

Answer 12

1) lithium
- therapeutic range: 0.8-1.2
- increase fluid intake (dehydration)

2) MAOI
- avoid tyramine: aged cheeses, wine

3) disulfiram
- avoid alcohol intake (including mouthwash, OTC cough suppressants)

Question 13

important maternity drugs

Answer 13

1) oxytocin
- assess uterus for tetanic contraction
- constant state of contraction

Question 14

important antifungal

Answer 14

1) amphotericin B
- IVPB slow
- monitor for renal damage: increase fluid intake, assess BUN
- assess hearing
- assess K+ levels

Question 15

important anticholinergics?

Answer 15

1) atropine
- GI: slows motility
- Eyes: dilates pupils (avoid in glaucoma)
- cardiac: increases HR
- Resp: bronchodilator

Question 16

oncology meds

Answer 16

• use extreme caution

wear gloves and mask while mixing/administering

Question 17

important anti-gout

Answer 17

1) allopurinol
- increase fluids
- avoid organ meats
- pt will have increased urine output

Question 18

miotics vs mydriatics

Answer 18

1) miotics
- constrict
- used with glaucoma (increases outflow of aqueous humor)

2) mydriatics
- dilate
- avoid with glaucoma (increases IOP)