ATHLETIC TRAINING Flashcards
long term athlete development model 1
- active start stage
-this is children aged 0-6
-must implement PA into everyday life
-they focus on learning movement and taking risks in a safe environment
LTAD: 2
- FUNdamentals stage
-where activity is fun
learn fundamental skills like throwing, catching, kicking etc..
-learn the ABCs of athleticism; agility, balance and co-ordination
LTAD: 3
- learn to train
-9-11 year olds
-see talent start to emerge
-major skill learning stage
-start to learn mental preparation
LTAD: 4
- train to train
- here you train specific skills and develop your fitness and strength
-make performance selection
-begin training more often
LTAD: 5
- train to compete
-training more frequently
-constantly improving skills
-advanced mental preparation
LTAD: 6
- train to win
-continuously improve skills and capabilities
growth and maturation
-important to identify any late or early maturers as this impacts their training patterns
-at specific points in development a person has these periods of adaptability and increased responsiveness ie; windows of trainability
what are the windows of trainability
- skill
2.stamina
3.strength
4.speed
5.suppleness
why is the LTAD not often used
lacks evidence to support this model
developmental model for sports participation
-this model has 2/3 stages and focuses on the following:
1. deliberate play
2. deliberate practice
what is deliberate play
this is when you exercise or do physical activity for the overall health benefits it provides and because of the enjoyment and fun associated with it
-usually involves participation in several sports
what is deliberate practice
this is when you partake in a sport or activity for the purpose of bettering your performance
-focus on one sport
-the outcomes of this is elite performance and overall health benefits
what are the 3 stages of DMSP
- sampling stage
-try a whole bunch of sports for fun
-amount of deliberate play and a low amount of deliberate practice - specialization stage
-deliberate play and practice are balanced - investment stage
-choose one sport and invest time and effort into it to better performance
-all deliberate practice
-you may be an early specializer and skip the sampling stage to go straight into the specialization stage
-or you may never enter the specialization stage and instead enter your recreational years(deliberate play)
the pyscho behavioral model
this model is an extension of the DMSP as it adds a 4th stage called the maintenance stage.
-this stage focuses on the athletes ability to transition between stages and focuses on their determinates of performance and potential
the pyscho behavioral model
this model is an extension of the DMSP as it adds a 4th stage called the maintenance stage.
-this stage focuses on the athletes ability to transition between stages and focuses on their determinates of performance and potential
the bio-pyscho-social approach
-this is a more holistic approach that focuses on the biological, social and pyschological elements of each individual to maximise their training outcome.
-this approach depends highly on the 3 ‘worlds’ ie; the 3 potential outcomes that the athlete may want
1. PPW-participation for personal wellbeing
2. PRE-personal referenced excellence
3. ERE-elite referenced excellence
what are the 3 biological stages that most impact your training capabilities
- growth and maturation
- neurodevelopment
- hormonal and metabolic
the youth physical development model
-just indicates how you can train all the physical elements of a child throughout their development and these elements are all adaptable at different life stages
what is periodization
is it the process of systematically planning a short and long term training programme that utilizes variation in training load and includes rest and recovery
-not a robust idea
what are the 4 stages of the GAS: the general adaptation syndrome
- alarm phase- this is where your performance level declines due to fatigue in response to a training load or stressor
- resistance phase- this is when adaptation to the training or stressor occurs so performance level increases past baseline levels
- supercompensation- new level of performance capacity reached
- overtraining phase-where performance continues
the fitness fatigue paradigm
says that fatigue first needs to diminish before the signs of fitness can start to appear even though they occur concurrently
what is the allostasis approach to periodization
allostasis suggests that in order to maintain physiological stability; an organism needs to anticipate new needs and counter them before they arise
what does a periodization schedule look like
- gradually increasing training load
- recovery and rest phases
- designed to meet the training goal
- skill development and refinement is emphasized throughout
what is multifactorial periodization
-periodization of training load
-dietary periodization
-skill periodization
-recovery periodization
what are internal measures of training load
- heart rate
- oxygen uptake
- perception of effort
- muscle and joint load
what are external measures of training load
- training time
- training duration
3.training frequency
4.distance - power, speed and acceleration
what are the 6 principles of training
SPORID
1. specificity -you will see adaptation in the muscle groups you are specifically training
2. progression- to see progression you need to gradually increase the training load
3. overload- to achieve adaptation you need to work against a load that is greater than that to which you are accustomed
4.reversibility- if a person is deprived of training for a period of time they will not be able to maintain the adaptations
5.individuality- each person responds differently to a training load
6. diminishing returns- as a person reaches their genetic capacity it becomes more difficult to see gains in performance/harder to obtain
3 types of muscle action
- concentric
- eccentric
3.isometric
concentric muscle action
this is when the muscle shortens
-because the contractile force is greater than the resistive force
-so the force in the muscle overpowers the external forces
ie; lifting a weight/swimming
eccentric muscle contractions
the muscle lengthens
-because the resistive force against the muscle is greater than the contractile force of the muscle
-so the external force overpowers the force in the muscle
-this eccentric muscle action allows the weight to be put down slowly instead of gravity pulling it down with speed
isometric muscle action
this is when the muscle length remains constant ie; no change
-because the resistive forces equal the contractile forces
-forces in the muscle equal the external fores
eg; abdominal muscles during sitting up straight
what is a closed kinetic chain exercise
-this is exercise where the distal joint segment is stationary ie; the ankle joints during squats
-provides a platform on which the movement can be performed
-this provides joint stability
what is a open kinetic chain exercise
-where the distal joint segment is free to move
eg; in leg extensions
-this allows for greater focus on an isolated muscle group
combined closed and open kinetic chain exercises
example can be sprinting
-this is when the one extremity remains on the ground(closed kinetic chain) and the other is raised in the air(open kinetic chain exercise)
