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ANATOMY > ATHLETIC TRAINING > Flashcards

ATHLETIC TRAINING Flashcards

1
Q

long term athlete development model 1

A
  1. active start stage
    -this is children aged 0-6
    -must implement PA into everyday life
    -they focus on learning movement and taking risks in a safe environment
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2
Q

LTAD: 2

A
  1. FUNdamentals stage
    -where activity is fun
    learn fundamental skills like throwing, catching, kicking etc..
    -learn the ABCs of athleticism; agility, balance and co-ordination
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3
Q

LTAD: 3

A
  1. learn to train
    -9-11 year olds
    -see talent start to emerge
    -major skill learning stage
    -start to learn mental preparation
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4
Q

LTAD: 4

A
  1. train to train
    - here you train specific skills and develop your fitness and strength
    -make performance selection
    -begin training more often
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5
Q

LTAD: 5

A
  1. train to compete
    -training more frequently
    -constantly improving skills
    -advanced mental preparation
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6
Q

LTAD: 6

A
  1. train to win
    -continuously improve skills and capabilities
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7
Q

growth and maturation

A

-important to identify any late or early maturers as this impacts their training patterns
-at specific points in development a person has these periods of adaptability and increased responsiveness ie; windows of trainability

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8
Q

what are the windows of trainability

A
  1. skill
    2.stamina
    3.strength
    4.speed
    5.suppleness
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9
Q

why is the LTAD not often used

A

lacks evidence to support this model

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10
Q

developmental model for sports participation

A

-this model has 2/3 stages and focuses on the following:
1. deliberate play
2. deliberate practice

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11
Q

what is deliberate play

A

this is when you exercise or do physical activity for the overall health benefits it provides and because of the enjoyment and fun associated with it
-usually involves participation in several sports

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12
Q

what is deliberate practice

A

this is when you partake in a sport or activity for the purpose of bettering your performance
-focus on one sport
-the outcomes of this is elite performance and overall health benefits

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13
Q

what are the 3 stages of DMSP

A
  1. sampling stage
    -try a whole bunch of sports for fun
    -amount of deliberate play and a low amount of deliberate practice
  2. specialization stage
    -deliberate play and practice are balanced
  3. investment stage
    -choose one sport and invest time and effort into it to better performance
    -all deliberate practice
    -you may be an early specializer and skip the sampling stage to go straight into the specialization stage

-or you may never enter the specialization stage and instead enter your recreational years(deliberate play)

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14
Q

the pyscho behavioral model

A

this model is an extension of the DMSP as it adds a 4th stage called the maintenance stage.
-this stage focuses on the athletes ability to transition between stages and focuses on their determinates of performance and potential

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14
Q

the pyscho behavioral model

A

this model is an extension of the DMSP as it adds a 4th stage called the maintenance stage.
-this stage focuses on the athletes ability to transition between stages and focuses on their determinates of performance and potential

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15
Q

the bio-pyscho-social approach

A

-this is a more holistic approach that focuses on the biological, social and pyschological elements of each individual to maximise their training outcome.
-this approach depends highly on the 3 ‘worlds’ ie; the 3 potential outcomes that the athlete may want
1. PPW-participation for personal wellbeing
2. PRE-personal referenced excellence
3. ERE-elite referenced excellence

16
Q

what are the 3 biological stages that most impact your training capabilities

A
  1. growth and maturation
  2. neurodevelopment
  3. hormonal and metabolic
17
Q

the youth physical development model

A

-just indicates how you can train all the physical elements of a child throughout their development and these elements are all adaptable at different life stages

18
Q

what is periodization

A

is it the process of systematically planning a short and long term training programme that utilizes variation in training load and includes rest and recovery
-not a robust idea

19
Q

what are the 4 stages of the GAS: the general adaptation syndrome

A
  1. alarm phase- this is where your performance level declines due to fatigue in response to a training load or stressor
  2. resistance phase- this is when adaptation to the training or stressor occurs so performance level increases past baseline levels
  3. supercompensation- new level of performance capacity reached
  4. overtraining phase-where performance continues
20
Q

the fitness fatigue paradigm

A

says that fatigue first needs to diminish before the signs of fitness can start to appear even though they occur concurrently

21
Q

what is the allostasis approach to periodization

A

allostasis suggests that in order to maintain physiological stability; an organism needs to anticipate new needs and counter them before they arise

22
Q

what does a periodization schedule look like

A
  1. gradually increasing training load
  2. recovery and rest phases
  3. designed to meet the training goal
  4. skill development and refinement is emphasized throughout
23
Q

what is multifactorial periodization

A

-periodization of training load
-dietary periodization
-skill periodization
-recovery periodization

24
Q

what are internal measures of training load

A
  1. heart rate
  2. oxygen uptake
  3. perception of effort
  4. muscle and joint load
25
Q

what are external measures of training load

A
  1. training time
  2. training duration
    3.training frequency
    4.distance
  3. power, speed and acceleration
26
Q

what are the 6 principles of training

A

SPORID
1. specificity -you will see adaptation in the muscle groups you are specifically training
2. progression- to see progression you need to gradually increase the training load
3. overload- to achieve adaptation you need to work against a load that is greater than that to which you are accustomed
4.reversibility- if a person is deprived of training for a period of time they will not be able to maintain the adaptations
5.individuality- each person responds differently to a training load
6. diminishing returns- as a person reaches their genetic capacity it becomes more difficult to see gains in performance/harder to obtain

27
Q

3 types of muscle action

A
  1. concentric
  2. eccentric
    3.isometric
28
Q

concentric muscle action

A

this is when the muscle shortens
-because the contractile force is greater than the resistive force
-so the force in the muscle overpowers the external forces
ie; lifting a weight/swimming

29
Q

eccentric muscle contractions

A

the muscle lengthens
-because the resistive force against the muscle is greater than the contractile force of the muscle
-so the external force overpowers the force in the muscle
-this eccentric muscle action allows the weight to be put down slowly instead of gravity pulling it down with speed

30
Q

isometric muscle action

A

this is when the muscle length remains constant ie; no change
-because the resistive forces equal the contractile forces
-forces in the muscle equal the external fores
eg; abdominal muscles during sitting up straight

31
Q

what is a closed kinetic chain exercise

A

-this is exercise where the distal joint segment is stationary ie; the ankle joints during squats
-provides a platform on which the movement can be performed
-this provides joint stability

32
Q

what is a open kinetic chain exercise

A

-where the distal joint segment is free to move
eg; in leg extensions
-this allows for greater focus on an isolated muscle group

33
Q

combined closed and open kinetic chain exercises

A

example can be sprinting
-this is when the one extremity remains on the ground(closed kinetic chain) and the other is raised in the air(open kinetic chain exercise)

ANATOMY (13 decks)

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