Atherosclerosis and HDL Flashcards
how does HDL correlate with CVD events
low HDL increases risk for CVD events
Subpopulations of HDL are based on what
particle shape, particle size, apolipoprotein composition
Describe HDL particle shapes
Discoid or spherical. Spherical is more commmon
Describe HDL particles sizes
HDL2 (smaller) and HDL3 (larger)
Describe HDL apolipoprotein composition
ApoA-I, or ApoA-1 and ApoA-II, or ApoE. ApoA-I is lipid poor
Where is HDL produced
Liver (A-I and A-I/A-II forms) and intestine (A-I form only)
What is CETP
Cholesterylester transfer protein which transfers HDL cholesterol to LDL or VLDL cholesterol.
What are the anti-athrogenic actions of HDL
vasodialtion, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, antioxidant, endothelial repair, antiapoptotic activity, reverse cholesterol transport/cellular cholesterol efflux
How does efflux capacity affect CHD risk
efflux capacity decreases risk
What causes low HDL
genetics, insulin resistance (hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, tabacco), drugs (protease inhibitors, Beta blockers, IL-2), Proteinuria, critical illness
Does increasing HDL affect CHD outcome?
No
What drug is used to increase HDL
niacin or CEPT inhibitors
What are the triglyceride rich lipoproteins
chylomicrons (made in intestine and increase after fat intake) and VLDL (made in liver, increase after carb intake)
How do triglyceride levels correlate with coronary heart disease risk
elevated triglycerides (esp >150) elevate risk. Relative risk is worse for women than it is for men
How are triglyceride rich lipoproteins atherogenic
cause endothelial dysfunction, arterial retention by LPL, direct uptake by macrophages, promotion of thrombogenic precursor synthesis
