Atherosclerosis Flashcards
Define atherosclerosis.
Progressive disease affecting the internal elastic and muscular arteries. Characterized by focal atheroma (lipid core).
Define arteriosclerosis.
It is the hardening of the arteries (loss of elasticity of arterial wall).
What is Monckeberg’s medical sclerosis?
Calcification of media of muscular arteries.
What is Arteriolosclerosis?
Thickening in arterioles (small arteries). Thickening of hyaline cartilage.
Give 4 risk factors for atherosclerosis.
Diet, hypertension, cigarette smoking, diabetes, obesity, physical activity, male gender, increasing age, family history, stress.
How many stages of athermatous plaques are there?
4
In type 2 plaques, lipids develop in…
Macrophages and smooth muscle cells.
Abnormally elevated levels of any or all lipids or lipoproteins in the blood is known as…
Hyperlipidemia
Give 2 effects of atherosclerosis on other major arteries.
Embolism (as site for thrombosis). Cramping pain in legs (due to leg claudication). Myocardial infarction (atheroma lead to haemorrhage, and thrombosis for the infarction of tissues). Aneurysm (weakening of wall of vessel).
A localized, abnormal, weak spot on a blood vessel wall that causes an outward bulging, likened to a bubble or balloon is known as an…
Aneurysm.
A restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen is known as…
Ischaemia
An escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel is known as a…
Haemorrhage.
A term for having either fewer red blood cells than normal or having an abnormally low amount of haemoglobin in each red blood cell is known as…
Anaemia.
During tissue and vascular injury, fibrinogen is converted enzymatically by thrombin to what? To form a blood clot.
Fibrin.
Define iron deficiency anaemia.
Anaemia is when there are either fewer red blood cells than normal or having an abnormally low amount of haemoglobin. Iron is important for forming haemoglobin, so a reduced iron level causes a reduced haemoglobin level in your blood.
