atherosclerosis

Question 1

what do damaged endothelial cells express

Answer 1

adhesion molecules whereby WBCs are captured

Question 1

first step in the formation of an atheroma

Answer 1

dmaaged endothelial cell

Question 2

what causes dmaage to endothelial cells

Answer 2

hypertension
hyperglycaemia
increased lDL
smoking

Question 3

what happens to WBCs post capture

Answer 3

they change shape and squeeze through endothelial cells

Question 4

diapedesis

Answer 4

process by which WBCs squeeze through endothelial cells

Question 5

what can WBCs produce

Answer 5

free radicals

Question 6

what do free radicals combine with to do

Answer 6

LDLs to undergo oxidation

Question 7

how are more WBCs attracted

Answer 7

Via oxidissed LDLs

Question 8

what do WBCs engulf

Answer 8

monophyed LDL particle

Question 9

what does the engulfig process stimulate

Answer 9

to produce more free radicals

Question 10

positive feedback

Answer 10

accumulation of more WBCAs and free radicals

Question 11

foam cell

Answer 11

when macrophages engulf ldl particles leading to foam cell

Question 12

what is the foam cell saturated with

Answer 12

LDL particle

Question 13

what happens to foam cell

Answer 13

dies and is engulfed by WBCs

Question 14

plaque

Answer 14

these processes produce the plaque

Question 15

what covers the plauqe

Answer 15

endothelial cells

Question 16

what does the plaque accumulate

Answer 16

calcium salts and more dead cells over time so hardens

Question 17

how might a clot form

Answer 17

endothelial cells covering the plaque are damaged and so clotting factors releasedh

Question 18

thrombus

Answer 18

clot attached to wall

Question 19

embolus

Answer 19

clot breaks off walll