atherosclerosis Flashcards

1
Q

what is atherosclerosis

A

the build up of fatty plaques in arterial walls

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2
Q

what is atherosclerosis the pathological basis for

A

angina, ACS, PAD, AAA, CHD and some strokes

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3
Q

what are risk factors

A

smoking, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia and alcohol consumption

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4
Q

what is hyperlipidemia

A

high cholesterol (too many lipids in the blood)

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5
Q

what are the non-modifiable risk factors

A

males
increased age
genetics

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6
Q

pathophysiology

A
  1. Primary endothelial injury
    • mainly at artery branching sites
  2. Accumulation of lipids and macrophages
  3. Macrophages trap lipids (LDL), then get stuck in plaque
    • Increased LDL, reduced HDL
  4. Macrophages become foam cells
  5. Foam cells get under endothelium - fatty streak (not raised)
  6. Growth factors (PDGF, FGF, TGFalpha) stimulate smooth muscle migration from tunica media → intima
    • formation of fiborous cap - plaque
  7. Plaque disrupts blood flow, thrombus occludes artery → rupture → angina
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