Atherosclerosis

Question 1

What are the stages of Atherosclerosis?

Answer 1

1) Endothelial detects blood flow
2) Aging/free radicals from smoking damage the epithelial
3) The epithelial is now leaky
4) Too much LDL now can leak through the artery wall and accumulate within the membrane
5) This LDL oxidises
6) The immune cells cross as they are attracted
7) These immune cells eat the oxidises LDL and fragments of cells
8) Macrophages come in and foam cells are formed
9) This triggers smooth muscle cells to migrate and proliferate
10) A fibrous cap is formed which blocks/stops blood from seeing the plaque, the debris keeps this away from the blood.

Question 2

A thick fibrous cap is classed as?

Answer 2

Stable

Question 3

A thin fibrous cap is classes as?

Answer 3

Unstable as it can rupture

Question 4

What happens when the fibrous cap ruptures?

Answer 4

This exposes debris to the blood, and the blood vessel is then blocked due to clots and this causes a stroke/mi.

Question 5

What leads to fibrinolysis?

Answer 5

1) Wound
2) Vasoconstriction
3) Platelet activation and adhesion
4) Formation of haemostatic plus (Coagulation)
5) Fibrinolysis

Question 6

What is fibrinolysis?

Answer 6

Enzymatic breakdown of the fibrin in blood clots

Question 7

What is thrombosis?

Answer 7

Local coagulation or clotting of the blood in a part of the circulatory system without bleeding

Question 8

What leads to thrombosis once a person has a wound?

Answer 8

1) Wound
2) Vasoconstriction
3) Platelet activation and adhesion
4) Thrombosis
4) No bleeding
5) Platelet activation

Question 9

What drugs affect haemostasis and thrombosis?

Answer 9

*Platelet adhesion and activation
*Blood coagulation (fibrin formation)
*Fibrin removal (fibrinolysis)

Question 10

What does fibrin removal allow the vessel to do?

Answer 10

Be functional again