atherosclerosis Flashcards
risk factors for atherosclerosis
age
tobacco
high serum cholestrol
obesity
diabetes
hypertension
FAMILY HISTORY
Where is atheroscelorosis usually found
found within peripheral and coronary arteries
distribution may be governed by haemodynamic factors such as
change in flow / turbulence at bifurcations
wall thickness
what does an atherosclerotic plaque consist of
lipid
necrotic core
connective tissue
fibrous cap
what is atherosclerosis induced by
endothelial injury which leads to endothelial dysfunction
what occurs once inflammation is initiated in an atheroscelorotic plaque
- chemoattractants are released from endothelium and send signals to leukocytes
inflammatory cytokines found in plaques ?
IL-1
IL-6
IL-8
IFN-Y
TGF-B
5 stages of atherosclerosis
fatty streaks
intermediate lesions
fibrous plaques/ advanced lesions
plaque rupture
plaque erosion
what does a fatty streak consist of
aggregation of lipid laden macrophages and T lymphocytes within the intimal layer of vessel wall
dangers of fibrous plaques/ advanced lesions
impede blood flow
prone to rupture
may be calcified
major cell types involved in atherogenesis are ?
endothelium, macrophages, smooth muscle cells and platelets
common treatment for coronary artery disease
PCI- percutaneous coronary intervention
which arteries does atherogenesis affect the most commonly
LAD, circumflex and RCA
WHAT IS insidious disease
a silent disease
atheroscleorosis is the principle cause of what 3 issues
heart atack
stroke
gangrene
which is the best known risk factor for coronary artery disease
AGE
why is smoking a risk factor for CAD
DAMAGE to the endothelium
what happens to the tunica intima in disease
tunica media will begin to thin
what is inflammation good for
pathogens
parasites
tumors
wound healing
what will large amounts of IL1 cause
FEVER- first chemical mediator of acute inflammation
what are coronary stents used in patients today made of
metal- steel
role of aspirin
irreversible inhibitor of platelet cyclo-oxygenase
man role of statins
reducing cholestrol synthesis
what is an intermediate lesion composed of ?
foam cells
vascular smooth muscle cells
t lymphocytes
adhesion and aggregation of platelets to vessel wall
