Athens, Sparta, and Persia Flashcards
type of government that has one person ruling
monarchy
type of government that has a group of people ruling
oligarchy
type of government that has wealthy or upper class citizens ruling
aristocracy
type of government that is ruled by the citizens
direct democracy
4 characteristics of a polis
small population, small amount of land, acropolis, agora
Sparta’s geography
On Peloponnesus, region of Laconia, in a valley, no arable land
Athens’ geography
On mainland, region of Attica, lacked arable land,
Athens’ port city
Piraeus
What are helots?
Messenian slaves that Sparta captured, outnumber Sparta 7:1
What are ephors?
5 men, 60 years or older, educate Spartan military youth, check king’s power, examine babies for fitness
What is the Council of Elders
30 men (2 Spartan kings and 28 citizens over 60 yrs), judges, decide on topics for the Assembly to vote on
What is the Spartan Assembly?
Male citizens over 30, only voted on topics from the Council of Elders, no debating
What is the Athenian assembly?
called Ekklesia, men debate, vote, speak, make motions; meet every 10 days, passed laws, elected Archons
What is the Agoge?
Spartan military training, goes from 7-18
What is Spartan education?
starts at age 7; taught reading, writing, rhythm, athleticism, military; live in barracks until 30
What is the order of Athens’ government types?
monarchy>oligarchy>tyranny>democracy
What is the Ekklesia?
Athens’ legislative branch, the assembly, pass laws, debate, vote, elect Archons
What are strategoi?
Athens’ 10 generals
Who are the Boule?
Athens’ council of 500
What is Athen’s court system called?
Heliaea
What are Archons?
Athens’ aristocracy, 9 men who ruled for 1 year, judicial and executive branch
What are metoikoi?
Athens’ resident aliens, free people, pay taxes, no voting rights, can’t be in military
Who are the Spartiate?
Citizens with political power, votes, owns land
Who are the Perioeci
Non-citizens and non-slaves, can’t own land, pay taxes, some legal protection
Who was Pericles?
Statesmen, talented speaker, led Athens during the golden age
Dates of the Age of Pericles
461-429 BC
Delian League
Alliance between all Greece city-states to defend against Persia, all city-states either sent ships or money (majority)
simplest column
Doric column
fanciest column
Corinthian columns
4 purposes of art and architecture
Glorify human beings, show pride in city-state, express belief in harmony, combine beauty and usefulness
Who was Draco?
Athenian Archon who created Athen’s first law code (Draconian Law) which was harsh
Who was Solon?
Athenian Archon who erased debts of poor, outlawed slavery by debt, and divided citizens by wealth
