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Social studies > Athens > Flashcards

Athens Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is Athens located?

A

Coast of the Aegean Sea

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2
Q

Who was Athens ruled by at first

A

The kings

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3
Q

Who ruled Athens after 750 BCE

A

Nobles, merchants and artisans

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4
Q

What is an oligarchy

A

A form of government where only certain people had a say in the government.

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5
Q

Land ownership

A

People had disagreements of this

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6
Q

Why did the nobles agree to make reforms which changed the government style of Athens?

A

So there wouldn’t be any uprisings

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7
Q

Who was the first reforming leader of Athens

A

Draco

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8
Q

How was Draco as a ruler

A

His reforms were too harsh

Some of his laws included Slavery

Gave the death penalty

His punishments caused a revolution

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9
Q

Who was the second ruler in 594 BCE

A

Solon

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10
Q

Who is Solon

A

The ruler after Draco. He repeated all of the same laws as Draco

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11
Q

What was the constitution written by Solon?

A

Showed how the rules for the government will work

This was the first ever in the world

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12
Q

What did Solon do for the government

A

Sets limits to land ownership and said you could only be a citizen if you owned land

Ordered fathers to teacher their sons to trade to improve their education

More athenians were involved in gov and trade increases.

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13
Q

How could you become an Athens citizen

A

You had to own land - but women, children and slaves couldn’t be citizens

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14
Q

The assembly

A

Had the power to pass laws

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15
Q

Who moved to Athens by they could have citizenship rights

A

Many artisans and from all over Greece

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16
Q

What class of people didn’t like Solon

A

The rich, because they thought his reforms went too far. They didn’t like what he did about the rules of land ownership because it gave more people citizenship rights

The poor too, because they thought his reforms didn’t go far enough. They couldn’t be citizens because they couldn’t own land

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17
Q

Who was the third leader of Athens

A

Piesistratus

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18
Q

Peisistratus

A

The poor really liked him because he further limited land ownership and forced the rich to sell pieces of their land to farmers

You don’t have to own land to be a citizen anymore

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19
Q

What happened to peisistratus sons?

A

They were killed by Spartans because they said that they could
Take over Sparta if they wanted to

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20
Q

Who was the fourth leader

A

Cleisthenes

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21
Q

Cleisthenes

A

New leader who didn’t anger Sparta

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22
Q

What did cleisthenes do

A

He created worlds first democratic constitution

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23
Q

What is democratic constitution

A

It gave all citizens equality, except not women, children and slaves

He also gave athenians freedom of speech

24
Q

How old were males in the assembly

A

Over 20

25
Q

How many generals ran the army

A

10 generals

26
Q

The council of five hundred

A

Ran the daily business of Athens

They were chosen by lottery randomly

All Athenian names were put into a pot and 500 names were chosen

You could only be on the council twice in your life.

27
Q

Why did athenians choose the council of 500 this way

A

They didn’t think elections were far because they thought the rich people had an unfair advantage

28
Q

Athenian education

A

Citizens sent their sons to school

They had a tutor or went to private school - there weren’t public schools

29
Q

When did kids start school

A

School started @ 7 years old and boys learned all subjects

30
Q

18 year old boys

A

Became full citizens and swore an oath at the temple of Zeus to make Athens a better place and show their honor, follow the constitution and respect the gods

31
Q

Persia

A

In Asia Minor or present day turkey

32
Q

Who was at war with Persia

A

Ionia

33
Q

What did the Ionians want from Greece

A

They wanted Greece to help them gain freedom from Persia

34
Q

King Darius

A

King of the Persians who wanted to punish the Greek city states for interfering with their war

35
Q

Darius’s plan to attack Athens

A

Sent 600 ships to Greece to invade Athens and thought that the city states would surrender. The athenians waited and watched the Persians and then attacked them from behind in the Battle of Marathon.

The Persians were defeated and Darius decided to leave since he didn’t have an army anymore so left and went back to Persia

36
Q

The battle of marathon

A

Persians were defeated by the athenians when they steadied them from behind. This made Darius retreat.

37
Q

Silver mines

A

Athens found silver minds and invested the money to make new warships

38
Q

New Athenian warships

A

Thremes; they had three levels of towers on each side and gave Athens the largest army in Greece

39
Q

What happened after Darius died?

A

His son, Xerxes, returned to Athens with 250,000 troops. 20 city states teamed up against Persia to stop them.

40
Q

Who lead the army against Persia

A

Sparta

41
Q

Who lead the army against Persia

A

Athens

42
Q

Thermopylae

A

A very narrow mountain pass

43
Q

The battle of Thermopylae

A

7,000 soldiers from 20 city states went north to stop the Persians and prepared to fight in the narrow mountain pass.

300 Spartans held the Persians for 3 days, but eventually they were all nurseries by the Persians.

Then the Persians got to Athens, they burned it to the ground

44
Q

The battle of salamis

A

Greek navy got the Persians into a narrow strait between Athens and salamis

The Greeks defeated them because the Persians weren’t as fast

Xerxes went back to Persia after this

45
Q

The Delian league

A

Many city states came together to be protect each other from
Persia.

Sparta didn’t join.

The headquarters were in Delos

Athens controlled the navy

46
Q

Athens and the Delian leagues

A

Athens became
Too controlling and paranoid about other ships sailing in the Aegean Sea so told city states that they had to request permission to sail.

All criminal cases were now brought to Athens

Trade was controlled by Athens

47
Q

What did the other Delian league city states become

A

Apart of the Athenian empire

48
Q

Who was the main leader during the Delian league

A

Pericles

49
Q

Pericles

A

Really popular ruler in Athens and was given the nickname the “first citizen”

He got the Delian League to pay to rebuild Athens. This is when the Parthenon was built

Built long walls to protect Athens

Lead Athens for 30 years

50
Q

The Peloponessian League

A

Created to form an alliance for city states in the Peloponnesus. Sparta was a member

51
Q

Helots

A

Spartan helots rebelled and Athens sent help - this made Sparta mad

52
Q

Corinth vs Megara

A

Trade Rivals

Megara and Athens attacked Corinth

Sparta and Corinth were against Athens and Megara - started peloponnessian war

53
Q

What happened in Athens with the plague

A

A plague attacked and killed 1/3-1/4 of the athenians and Pericles.

Athens surrendered after this and lost the war.

54
Q

What happened to the athenians after the war?

A

Some moves to Ionia and became mercenaries for Persia

Sparta helped put Athens back together and didn’t punish them badly out of respect

55
Q

Effects of the war

A

Greeks started to lose a sense of community and they had spent a lot of money on war

56
Q

Phillip of Macedonia

A

Conquered Greek city states.

Social studies (3 decks)

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