Athenians And Spartans Role In Defending The Greeks

Question 0

Herodotus’s sources

Answer 0

Sparta was a closed society, difficult to discover much about it
Spent time at Athens- got an Athenian view of things

Question 1

Spartan criticism

Answer 1

Unconcerned at Marathon
Always slow to act (salamis, isthmus)
Unwilling to get involved beyond the Peloponnese

Themistocles trickery convinced Eurybiades to act (Herodotus)

Question 2

Athenians after the battle

Answer 2

It took them 30 years to rebuild the temples on the acropolis
Pericles had to convince them to build the Parthenon
They had lost alot

Question 3

The Phalanx (Greece)

Answer 3

Ordered rows of soldiers
Shields on left arm
Spears in right
Shields locked

Question 4

Hoplites

Answer 4

A heavily armed soldier
Main weapon was a long iron-tipped spear (3-4m)
And a short sword (60cm)
The shield was wood covered with bronze and leather lining
Breastplate covered by a cuirass
Moulded bronze greaves
Leather sandals
A helmet
The Corinthians had a dyed horse hair plume

Question 5

Peltast

Answer 5

Lightly armed Greek soldier
Crescent-shaped wicker shield covered with goat or sheepskin
A one or two handed Scythe
Some of Darius’s forces in 490Bc were Thracian peltasts

Question 6

Archers

Answer 6

Persian archers from Scythia

Lightly Armed

Question 7

Herodotus’s account of the Persian forces

Answer 7

A tiara- soft felt cap
Embroiled tunic with sleeves
A coat of mail that looks like fish scales
Trousers
Large wicker shields
Quivers swung below them
Short spears
Powerful bows
Cane arrows
Daggers swinging from belts by the right thigh

Question 8

Persian ships at Artemisium

Answer 8

1307- mainly from Phoenicia and Egypt
The Phoenicians are the fastest

3000 Penteconters- small oared ships with 80 men on each

Question 9

Crew of the Persian ships

Answer 9

200 men on each ship
30 persian archers
44 military crew

80 men on the Penteconters

Question 11

Greek ships

Answer 11

Trireme- three oars on each side
120 feet in length
Could reach a speed of 6 knots

Question 12

Men on a Greek ship

Answer 12

213men:

• 170 rowers
• 14 spear men
• 4 archers
• 25 officers

Question 13

How the Greek ships worked

Answer 13

By oarsmen and Sails

Men rowed in time with a flute

Question 14

Construction of Greek ships

Answer 14

Built from pine
Had a large 2m ram made from timbre at the front covered with a bronze sheaf
The ram would generate a force of 66tonnes

Question 24

Weight of the Persianships

Answer 24

4 tonnes

8% heavier than the greeks