Atchley's Lectures

Question 1

is HIV curable?

Answer 1

NO

• no cure, but treatable
• start ART when diagnosed (same day) if no opportunistic infection

Question 2

Idiopathic CD4+ Lymphocytopenia (ICL)

Answer 2

low CD4+ (<300), but HIV neg

Question 3

retroviruses carry what enzyme?

Answer 3

reverse transcriptase

• RNA -> DNA
• RNA dependent DNA polymerase

Question 4

both HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 need what before transfusion?

Answer 4

blood screen

• if +, cannot give blood
• BLURRED presentation w/ HTLV-1

Question 5

what virus has reverse transcriptase but is NOT a retrovirus?

Answer 5

HBV***

Question 6

which HIV virus is unresponsive to NNRTI?

Answer 6

HIV-2

Question 7

POL gene

Answer 7

make reverse transcriptase, protease, integrates

• target for drugs
• mutated POL -> resistance

Question 8

4th generation ELISA

Answer 8

• diagnostic test for HIV
• p24 antigen and HIV Abs
• if + have to do HIV-1,2 differentiation w/ immunoblot assay

Question 9

env gene

Answer 9

makes the GP surface proteins

• Gp160 -> mother
• Gp 41 -> fusion and penetration
• Gp120 -> attachment/binding

Question 10

T troph (X4) viruses

Answer 10

• target CXCR4 receptors (ALL T cells)
• LATE stage
• deplete all T cells

Question 11

M troph (R5) viruses

Answer 11

• target CCR5 receptors (Macs/Monocytes/15-30% T cells)
• EARLY stage
• hide from immune surveillance

Question 12

which viruses are the TRANSMITTING viruses?

Answer 12

R5 viruses

-CCR5 mutations -> decreased susceptibility to HIV

Question 13

AIDS

Answer 13

-HIV+ PLUS CD4 <200 or an AIDS defining illness

Question 14

Kaposi Sarcoma

Answer 14

• HHV-8

- LYMPHOCYTE infiltrate

Question 15

Bacillary Angiomatosis

Answer 15

• Bartonella Hens.

- NEURTROPHIL infiltrate

Question 16

what is #1 mode of transmission of HIV?

Answer 16

• MSM

- women usually from heterosexual contact

Question 17

do STDs have an increased risk in getting HIV?

Answer 17

yes

-2-5x increase

Question 18

HIV syndrome

Answer 18

• fever
• pharyngitis
• lymphadenopathy
• myalgia
• skin rash
• mono-like (CMV/EBV)

Question 19

what is most common death in AIDS patients?

Answer 19

PNEUMONIA

Question 20

HIV serology

Answer 20

• 70% test + in 3-6 weeks

- 100% test + in 12 weeks

Question 21

what test do you use w/ neonate or HIV exposure <3 weeks ago?

Answer 21

VIRAL LOAD

-goal is undetectable (<50)

Question 22

IRIS

Answer 22

• worsening of preexisting due to ART therapy before treating opportunistic infection
• treat 2-3 weeks before starting ART