ATC and IFR Flashcards
Vertical seperation is 1000’ up to FL41, because the lapse rate of pressure at higher altitude is greatly reduced, what is needed in the airplane to ensure this happens?
Very precise instruments are required to accurately display altitude at high altitudes.
What is the vertical seperation above FL41?
2,000’
What do pilots do on IFR if there is a radar outage? IPTFTEN
Make position reports.
1. Identification
2. Position
3. Time over reporting point
4. Flight level
5. Type of flight plan
6. ETA and name of next point
7. Name of reporting point after next
What is a complusory reporting point and how do I know what it is?
It is a solid black VOR symbol, whereas a non-complusory point is a hollowed VOR symbol.
What is a typical vertical range of approach control’s range?
10,000-12,000 feet
Where are center boundaries shown?
On the enroute chart. It’s a blocked squiqqly line. There are 20 centers in the lower 48 states.
What is the typical range of a low VOR between 1,000’ - 18,000’?
What is the typical range of a high VOR? (18k-41k)
Low: 40 NM
High: 130 NM
What are T Routes?
Low-altitude RNAV routes
What is a terminal VOR?
Normally appears on or near airports and is used for instrument approach procedures.
What is MEA?
Minimum Enroute Altitude
What is MOCA?
Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude
What is ARTCC?
Air Route Traffic Control Center, handles airspace beyond what TRACON handles. Usually split between low and high altitudes (FL23)
What is the airspeed threshold to notify ATC?
+-5% or 10 KNOTs of TAS from filed flight plan
What is a SID
Standard Instrument Departure
1. Graphic departure route designed by ATC
2. Standardizes traffic flow
3. Ensures aircraft seperation
4. Provides obstacle clearance
What is ODP?
Obstacle Departure Procedure: an alternative to the SID, not graphical, it’s text.
- Pilot chooses to fly it and has responsibility to follow it.
- Should be flown under less than VFR conditions
- Clarify with ATC if clearance conflicts with ODP
- Controller can’t reduce the minimums on an ODP (or even SID)
Where can a pilot find the Rate of Climb Table chart to help convert the required ground speed and climb gradient into a safe rate of climb?
Terminal Procedures Publication or the Digital Terminal Procedures Supplement.
What is a STAR?
Standard Terminal Arrival Routes
What is the descent rate expected by ATC on an arrival?
250-350 ft/NM (@120 KT, then 500-700 ft per minute)
What is a visual approach?
Granted by ATC on good weather (VFR) They are initated by ATC
What is a contact approach? And what are the weather minimums?
Must be requested by pilot. flown when weather is less than VFR.
1. Clear of clouds, and 1 mile visibility in the air and on the ground
2. Airport must have instrument approach procedure
3. Pilot is responsible for obstruction clearance during the approach
How much of an altitude change before ATC asks why your altitude is changing?
200 feet
What does the altimeter get set to at FL18?
29.92 Hg
What are the 11 things that would require a notification to ATC? Marvelous vfr c500
Missed approach
Airspeed change +- 10kts/5%
Reaching a holding fix
Vfr on top
*Eta change +-3 minutes
Leaving a hold/fix point
*Outer marker
Unforecasted weather
Safety of flight
Vacating an altitude / FL
*Final approach fix
Radio/nav/approach equipment failure
*Compulsory reporting points
500, unable to maintain 500 fpm
When not in radar contact, when does ATC need to be notified? (additionally)
- Time and altitude when passing designated passing point
- Time over designated point missed by more than 3 minutes
- Leaving the FAF inbound on a non-precision approach
- Leaving the OM (outer marker) inbound on a precision approach
What is the transponder code for radio failure?
7600
Where is ADS-B Out required?
- Class A
- Class B (within 30 NM of primary airport) (mode c)
- Within and above Class C
- Class E airspace above 10,000 MSL, but not below 2500 AGL
What is a TCAS and what does it do?
Traffic Collision Avoidance System. It interrogates the transponders of nearby aircraft.
GPS available track settings
TRK: The direction the airplane is moving
BRG: (Bearing) The direction to arrive at the next waypoint
DTK: Desired Track
XTK: Cross track error, (shows how many NM off course you are)
What is WAAS, and what does it do?
Wide Area Augmentation System
WAAS uses two additional geostationary satellites to improve the accuracy of GPS. WAAS augmentation allows more precise position locations in both the horizontal and vertical planes.
