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AT 103 > AT103 Review Through Exam 2 > Flashcards

AT103 Review Through Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The purpose of a lubrication system is to supply oil to the engine at the correct… (3)

A

Pressure
Volume
Location

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2
Q

must hold the adequate amount of oil

A

Oil tank

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3
Q

must maintain the temperatures are the proper level

A

Cooling devices

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4
Q

Principle Components of a Lubrication System (9)

A

Pressure Oil Pump
Oil Pressure Relief Valve
Oil Reservoir
Oil Pressure Gage
Oil Temperature Gage
Oil Filter
Necessary Piping and Connections
Oil Coolers
Oil Dilution Systems if operating in cold conditions

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5
Q

Oil Capacity

A

must be sufficient to supply the engine
Fuel-Oil ratio should be around 30:1 by volume

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6
Q

Plumbing for Lubrication System

A

Constructed of aluminum alloy tubing and connections

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7
Q

Temperature Regulation

A

Designed to maintain the temperature of the oil at the correct level

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8
Q

Oil Pressure Relief Valve

A

Control and limit the lubricating oil pressure
Prevent damage to the lubrication system
Ensure lubrication in case of a system failure
Several types of oil pressure relief valves

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9
Q

Engine Oil Filter Types (5)

A

Full-Flow
Bypass
Strainer
Spin-On
Cuno Oil

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10
Q

Full-Flow Type

A

Filtering all the circulated oil of contaminants
All oil are filtered before passing through bearing surfaces

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11
Q

Bypass Type

A

Filters about 10% of the oil through filtering element and returns oil to sump
Oil passing through bearings are not filtered oil

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12
Q

Strainer-Type Filter

A

Designed to collapse when clogged or designed with relief valves that also open when clogged

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13
Q

Spin-On Type Filter

A

Canister and filter element are one unit

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14
Q

Cuno Oil Filter

A

Contaminants are trapped on the outer diameter of the plates

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15
Q

Disposable Filter Cartridge

A

The filter canister is reused while the filter element is replaced

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16
Q

Engine Oil Analysis

A

Determine the origin of the foreign particles discovered

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17
Q

Oil Pressure Gage

A

Measures from no pressure up to above the maximum pressure

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18
Q

Oil Temperature Gage

A

Sensors are usually at the oil inlet line or on the oil filter housing

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19
Q

Oil Pressure Pump Types (2)

A

Gear Type
Vane Type

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20
Q

Oil Pressure Pumps

A

Capacity of oil pressure pump is greater than the engine requires
Excess oil is returned by a relief valve to the oil inlet
Accommodates engine wear and growing clearances

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21
Q

Scavenge Pumps

A

Usually used for a dry-sump lubrication system
Greater capacity than the pressure pumps
Oil that flows to the sump are often foamy
A larger capacity is required to keep the oil sump drained

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22
Q

Induction System Sections (3)

A

Air scoop and ducting to the carburetor
The carburetor or air control section of injection system
The intake manifold and pipes

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23
Q

Four principal parts of the Air Scoop and Ducting

A

Air scoop
Air filter
Alternate air valve
Carburetor air heater

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24
Q

Air Scoop

A

Opening facing into the airstream
Receives ram air

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25
Q

Air Filters

A

Installed at or near the air scoop
Blocks dirt, abrasive particles, sand, and larger foreign materials
Reduces air pressure to the carburetor

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26
Q

Three Air Filter Types

A

Wetted
Dry Paper
Polyurethane Foam

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27
Q

Wetted Type Mesh Filters

A

Mat or metal filaments encased in a frame and dipped into oil
Oil film catches and holds dust and sand particles

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28
Q

Dry Paper Filters

A

Air passes pleated layer of paper elements
Replaced on a time-in-service basis

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29
Q

Polyurethane Foam Filters

A

Polyurethane foam and a wetting agent
Newer type of air filter

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30
Q

Alternative Air Valve

A

Allows air to flow to the engine if air filter is clogged
Valve can be manually controlled from the cockpit or automatic

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31
Q

Carburetor Heat Valve

A

Operated by the carburetor heat control in the cockpit
The valve closes the main air duct and opens the duct to the heater muff

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32
Q

Intake Manifolds

A

Individual pipe leading to each cylinder
One end of the pipe is bolted to the cylinder

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33
Q

Induction System Icing

A

May cut off air fuel charge or vary air fuel ratio

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34
Q

Ice forms in induction system while flying through (6)

A

Clouds
Fog
Rain
Sleet
Snow
High moisture clear air

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35
Q

Types of icing (3)

A

Impact Ice
Fuel Evaporation Ice
Throttle Ice

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36
Q

Induction icing can be detected by

A

reduction in engine power while maintaining the same throttle position

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37
Q

Aircraft operating in icing conditions should be equipped with a

A

carburetor air temperature (CAT) gage

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38
Q

Carburetor Air Temperature (CAT)

A

Reads temperature of the air as it enters the carburetor

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39
Q

If CAT is below __°F and experiencing engine loss of power, it is assumed that icing exists

A

32

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40
Q

Exhaust Systems

A

Removes the products of combustion from the engine safely and effectively

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41
Q

Poor maintenance of exhaust systems may lead to (4)

A

Nacelle fire
Toxic gases entering the cockpit and cabin
Damage to parts and structure in nacelle
Poor engine performance

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42
Q

Development of Exhaust Systems

A

Early aircraft engines have very simple exhaust systems
Short steel stacks are attached to the exhaust ports
These systems were noisy and permitted exhaust gases to flow into the open cockpits of the aircraft

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43
Q

Heat collected from the exhaust are employed for (3)

A

Cabin Heating
Carburetor Anti-Icing
Windshield Defrosting

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44
Q

Modern aircraft exhaust systems includes (5)

A

Exhaust Manifolds
Heat Exchangers
Mufflers
Turbochargers
Augmenters

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45
Q

Principles of Carburetion (4)

A

Provide combustible mixture of air and fuel necessary for the engine to operate
Deliver an accurately metered air fuel mixture
Provide for automatic or manual mixture correction under changing conditions
Have a sturdy construction to provide durability and resistance to the effects of vibration

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46
Q

Carburetors play an extremely important part in (3)

A

Engine performance
Engine mechanical life
General efficiency of the aircraft

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47
Q

Gasoline and other liquid fuels will not…

A

burn in the liquid state

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48
Q

Gasoline and other liquid fuels must be…

A

vaporized and combined with the correct amounts of oxygen to form a combustible mixture

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49
Q

When just enough oxygen is present the fuel…

A

will burn completely

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50
Q

When there is not quite enough oxygen, combustion…

A

will occur but will not be complete

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51
Q

When there is too much oxygen, the mixture…

A

will not burn

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52
Q

Essential Parts of Float Type Carburetors (7)

A

Float Mechanism and its Chamber
Strainer
Main Metering System
Idling System
Economizer System
Accelerating System
Mixture Control System

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53
Q

Float Mechanism

A

Designed to control the level of fuel in the float chamber

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54
Q

Fuel Strainer

A

a fine wire mesh that will intercept any dirt particles

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55
Q

Main Metering System

A

Controls the fuel feed in the upper half of the engine speed range

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56
Q

Units of the Main Metering System (3)

A

Main Metering Jet
Main Discharge Nozzle
Passage Leading to the Idling System

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57
Q

Three functions of the main metering system

A

Proportion the A/F mixture
Decrease the pressure at the discharge nozzle
Control the airflow at full throttle

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58
Q

Idling System

A

Delivers fuel only when throttle valve is nearly closed

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59
Q

Accelerating System

A

When throttle of the engine is suddenly opened

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60
Q

Economizer System

A

A valve that is closed at low engine and cruising speeds

61
Q

Functions of the Mixture Control System (2)

A

Prevent mixture from becoming too rich at high altitudes
Economize on fuel during engine operation in the low power range

62
Q

Idle Cutoff

A

Stops the flow of fuel from the discharge nozzle
Stops the engine

63
Q

Disadvantages of Float Type Carburetors (2)

A

The fuel flow disturbances in aircraft maneuvers may interfere with the functions of the float mechanism
During icing conditions, the discharge of fuel into the airstream ahead of the throttle causes a drop of temperature and results in ice forming at the throttle valve (carb ice)

64
Q

The introduction of fuel or air fuel mixture into the induction system or combustion chamber of each cylinder by means of a

A

pressure’s source

65
Q

Fuel Injection Carburetor

A

Discharges fuel into the airstream at or near carburetor (throttle body)

66
Q

Fuel Injection System

A

Discharges fuel into the intake port of each cylinder (multi-point)

67
Q

Advantages of Fuel Injection Systems (5)

A

Freedom from vaporization icing (carb icing)
More uniform delivery of air fuel mixture to each cylinder
Improved control of fuel/air ratio
Instant acceleration after idling with no tendency to stall
Increased engine fuel efficiency and power

68
Q

Bendix RSA Fuel Injection System

A

Designed to meter fuel in direct ratio to the volume of air being consumed by the engine

69
Q

When air velocity _________, pressure of the impact tubes _______ ________

A

increases, remains constant

70
Q

The differential pressure is used as a measurement of the…

A

volume of air consumed

71
Q

The Servo Pressure Regulator

A

Fuel flow to the engine, passing through the metering jet generates a fuel pressure differential with unmetered fuel

72
Q

The two opposite forces (fuel and air differentials) are…

A

equal

73
Q

If the throttle is opened, airflow…

A

increases

74
Q

The servo valve opening…

A

decreases the pressure in the meter fuel chamber

75
Q

More fuel is increased to the engine to…

A

support the higher power level requested

76
Q

Idle Valve

A

Connected to the throttle linkage
Externally adjustable

77
Q

Manual Mixture Control

A

A sliding valve
Used by the pilot to effectively reduce the size of the metering jet

78
Q

By changing the metering jet’s effective size, the pilot has the option of…

A

manually leaning the mixture
shutting off the fuel flow to the engine at engine shutdown

79
Q

Flow Dividers

A

Ensures equal distribution of metered fuel to the nozzles
Provides isolation of each nozzle for clean engine shutdown

80
Q

At idle, fuel pressure is…

A

only enough to move the flow divider valve slightly

81
Q

Nozzles are of ___ _____ type

A

air bleed

82
Q

Fuel is discharged inside the nozzle body into a chamber which is vented to…

A

atmospheric air pressure

83
Q

Nozzle is mounted in the…

A

intake valve port of the cylinder head

84
Q

Spark plug

A

Electric energy of the high-voltage current produced by the magneto is converted to heat energy

85
Q

What type of energy is required to ignite the air fuel mixture in the cylinders

A

Heat energy

86
Q

An air gap in the spark plug allows the high voltage of the ignition system to…

A

Produce a spark

87
Q

Three major parts of a spark plug

A

The Electrodes
The Ceramic Insulator
The Metal Shell

88
Q

Types of Spark Plugs (4)

A

Resistor-Type
Unshielded
Massive Electrode
Fine Wire

89
Q

Resistor-Type Spark Plugs

A

Designed to reduce the burning and erosion of electrodes in engines having shielded harness

90
Q

Unshielded Spark Plugs

A

used in light aircraft engines

91
Q

Massive Electrode Type Spark Plugs

A

Named because of the size of the center and ground electrodes
Electrodes have copper core

92
Q

Fine Wire Type Spark Plugs

A

Similar construction to the massive electrode type
Electrodes are made of platinum and iridium

93
Q

Four Forms of Electrode Construction

A

Projected Core Nose
Two-Prong Fine-Wire
Two-Prong Ground
Push-Wire

94
Q

Spark Plug Reach

A

The linear distance from the shell gasket seat to the end of the shell threads

95
Q

The reach of the spark plug required for an engine is determined by the…

A

cylinder-head design

96
Q

Shell threads are classified as (2)

A

14- or 18-mm diameter
Long Reach or Short Reach

97
Q

Classification of Spark Plugs Heat rating range (2)

A

Numbers 26-50 indicate coldest to hottest heat range
Numbers 76-99 indicate special application aviation plugs

98
Q

Classification of Spark Plugs Gap and Electrode style (5)

A

E = Two Prong Aviation
N = Four Prong Aviation
P = Platinum Fine Wire
B = Two Prong Massive
R = Push Wire

99
Q

Heat Range of Spark Plugs

A

The ability of the spark plugs to transfer heat from the firing end of the spark plug to the cylinder head

100
Q

Spark plugs are classified as (3)

A

Hot
Normal
Cold

101
Q

If an engine typically runs hot, a relatively ___ spark plug is required

A

cold

102
Q

If an engine typically runs cold, a relatively ___ spark plug is required

A

hot

103
Q

If a hot spark plug is installed in a hot engine…

A

spark plug tip will overheat and cause pre-ignition

104
Q

If a cold spark plug is installed in a cold engine…

A

spark plug tip will collect unburned carbon and the plugs will be fouled

105
Q

Servicing Procedure (10)

A

Removal
Preliminary Inspection
Degreasing
Drying
Cleaning
Re-gapping
Inspection and Testing
Gasket Servicing
Plug Rotation
Installation

106
Q

How is Magneto Ignition superior to Battery Ignition? (3)

A

Produces a hotter spark at high engine speeds
Self-contained unit
Not dependent on any eternal source of electric energy

107
Q

Magnetos Classification (8)

A

Low Tension
High Tension
Rotating Magnet
Inductor Rotor
Single
Double
Flange Mounted
Base Mounted

108
Q

Magnetos Classification Groupings (3)

A

Low Tension vs. High Tension
Single vs. Double
Flange Mounted vs. Base Mounted

109
Q

Low Tension Magnetos

A

Delivers current at a low voltage

110
Q

High Tension Magnetos

A

Delivers current at a high voltage

111
Q

Single Magentos

A

Two single type magnetos are usually used on reciprocating engines

112
Q

Double Magentos

A

Essentially two magnetos having one rotating magnet and driveshaft common to both

113
Q

Flange Mounted Magnetos

A

Attached to the engine by means of a flange on the end of the magneto

114
Q

Base Mounted Magnetos

A

Attached to the engine by means of brackets securing the base

115
Q

Magnetos require inspection at…

A

regular intervals

116
Q

Usually, magnetos should be inspected…

A

after every 100 hours of operation or during the annual inspection

117
Q

A in depth inspection is required…

A

after 500 hours of service

118
Q

Worn or damaged components should be ___ during the inspection

A

replaced

119
Q

Characteristics of gasoline (4)

A

High heat value
Ability to evaporate when exposed to air
Ability to evaporate at ordinary temperatures
High volatility

120
Q

What is desirable of gasoline for engine starting?

A

High volatility

121
Q

Too high volatility will form bubbles in the fuel lines causing…

A

vapor locks

122
Q

Lead oxide remains as a residue in the…

A

cylinders

123
Q

Grades produced for civil use (4)

A

100 (green)
100LL (blue)
UL94 (unleaded)
UL91

124
Q

Lead exposure can occur through… (3)

A

Airborne lead emissions impacting neighboring communities
Past emissions deposited to soil and other surfaces
Occupational lead exposures for airport workers (inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption)

125
Q

Aircraft engines are designed to operate with…

A

specific fuel octane ratings or performance numbers

126
Q

The minimum octane rating or performance number is ____ ________ than the maximum

A

more critical

127
Q

What can a too high or too low octane rating do?

A

Damage or cause failure of the engine

128
Q

What does using fuel with too low of a rating?

A

detonation and damage of pistons and cylinders

129
Q

Benefits of removing lead (4)

A

Eliminates lead deposits on spark plugs
Decreases acidity of oil and corrosion
Better protect engine from corrosion, wear, and tear
Advance in aviation technology

130
Q

Aviation fuel must be free of any impurities such as (7)

A

Water
Dirt
Microorganisms
Acid
Alkali
Sulfur
Gum Contents

131
Q

What may gum contents cause? (3)

A

Valves to stick
Clog fuel metering jets
Cause restrictions within the fuel system

132
Q

At high altitude, fuel cools well below freezing point, the water in the fuel forms…

A

ice crystals

133
Q

Ice crystals

A

block off the fuel system and shut off the flow of fuel

134
Q

Fuel System Principal Sections (2)

A

Aircraft Fuel System
Engine Fuel System

135
Q

Parts of the Aircraft Fuel System (9)

A

Fuel Tanks
Fuel Boost Pump
Tank Strainer
Fuel Tank Vents
Fuel Lines
Fuel Control or Selector Valves
Main Strainer
Fuel Flow and Pressure Gages
Fuel Drain Valves

136
Q

Characteristics of an Engine Fuel System (2)

A

Begins from Engine Driven Pump
Fuel Control Units in the Carburetor or Fuel Metering Device

137
Q

Fuel system must be capable of delivering continuous flow of clean fuel under positive pressure from…

A

fuel tank to the engine

138
Q

Gravity systems must have tanks placed high enough from the carburetor to provide ___% of required fuel flow pressure (takeoff)

A

150

139
Q

Pressure systems must be capable of ___% of the actual takeoff fuel flow of the engine

A

125

140
Q

Boost pump must be available for… (4)

A

starting
takeoff
landing
high altitudes

141
Q

Fuel Systems must provide valves to

A

shut off fuel

142
Q

Multiengine aircraft engines are supplied from its own ____, _____, and ____ ____

A

tank, lines, fuel pump

143
Q

What can be done in an emergency?

A

transfer fuel from tank to tank or running two engines from one tank

144
Q

Gravity system should…

A

supply fuel to one engine from one tank

145
Q

Fuel lines should… (2)

A

be sufficient to carry maximum required fuel flow under all conditions
have no sharp bends or rapid rises, and kept away from hot parts of the engine as much as possible

146
Q

Fuel tanks should… (3)

A

have drains and sumps to remove water and dirt from the bottom of the tank
be able to withstand all loads they may be subjected to during operation
provide baffles if a shift in fuel position will cause a change in aircraft balance

147
Q

Gravity-Fed Systems

A

Fuel is delivered to the engine solely by gravity

148
Q

Pressure Systems

A

When fuel tanks cannot be placed the required distance above the carburetors or a greater pressure is required for operation

149
Q

Strainers & Filters

A

Removes dirt particles from the fuel

AT 103 (5 decks)

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