Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AT 103 > AT103 Review Through Exam 1 > Flashcards

AT103 Review Through Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Failed Engine Characteristics

A

Poor Efficiency
Lack of Dependability
High Cost
Excessive Weight
Low Power Produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Successful Engine Characteristics

A

High power-to-weight ratio
Efficient
Reliable
Environmentally friendly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who created the first practical gas engine in 1860?

A

Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir of France

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The first four-stroke engine was built in 1876 by ___ and ___.

A

August Otto and Eugen Langen of Germany

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

First truly successful gasoline engine was built in 1885 by ____.

A

Gottlieb Daimler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Wright Brothers and Charles Taylor Engine Characteristics

A

Water Cooled
Four Cylinders
12 Horsepower
180 Pounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Engines developed during WWI

A

Radial Engines
In-Line Engines
V-Type Engines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Engines developed post WWI

A

Multiple Row Radial Engine
Opposed Engine
Flat Engine
Fan, H, W, and X Type Engine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

First flight of a jet engine power aircraft was on ____ in _______.

A

1939, Germany

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gas-Turbine Engine Types

A

Turbojet Engine
Turbofan Engine
Turboprop Engine
Turboshaft Engine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gas-Turbine Engine Challenges

A

Performance
Sound Levels
Fuel Efficiency
Ease of Maintenance
Dependability
Reliability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Types of Reciprocating Engines

A

Rotary-Type Radial Engines
In-Line Engines
V-Type Engines
Radial Engines
Multiple-Row Radial Engines
Opposed and Flat Type Engines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Rotary Types Radial Engines

A

Crankshaft is held stationary to the engine mount
Cylinders rotate about the crankshaft
Propeller is attached to the engine case

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Examples of Rotary Type Radial Engines

A

LeRhone
Gnome
Bentley

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Rotary Type Radial Engines Disadvantages

A

Torque and gyro effect of the engine’s large rotating mass made aircraft difficult to control
Castor oil was used as the engine lubricant. The castor oil fumes from the engine’s exhaust was often nauseating to pilots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In-Line Engines

A

Cylinders of an in-line engine are arranged in a row parallel to the crankshaft
Cylinders can be above or below (inverted) the crankshaft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

V-Type Engines

A

Cylinders are arranged in two rows, formed the letter V
Angles between the rows are usually 90, 60, or 45°
There are always an even number of cylinders per row

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Upright V-Type Engines

A

When the cylinders are above the crankshaft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Inverted V-Type Engines

A

When the cylinders are below the crankshaft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Single-Row Radial Engine

A

Odd number of cylinders extending radially from the centerline of the crankshaft
Cylinders range from 5-9
All pistons are connected to a single-throw 360° crankshaft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Double-Row Radial Engine

A

Resembles two single-row radial engines on a single crankshaft
Cylinders range from 14-18
A two-throw 180° crankshaft is used to allow stagger between each row of cylinders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Radial Engine Disadvantages

A

Large frontal area creates a lot of drag
Cooling problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Multiple-Row Radial Engines

A

The largest and most powerful reciprocating engine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Examples of Multiple-Row Radial Engines

A

Pratt & Whitney R-4360
3,500 hp
4,300 hp using two turbochargers and one supercharger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What were Multiple-Row Radial Engines replaced by?

A

gas-turbine engines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Opposed and Flat Engine Type

A

Most popular for light conventional aircraft and helicopters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Engine Classification (In-line)

A

Upright, inverted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Engine Classification (V-Type)

A

Upright, inverted, Double V, X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Engine Classification (Opposed and Flat)

A

Opposed, flat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Engine Classification (Radial)

A

Single row, double row, multiple row

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Difference between letters and numbers to determine engine designation

A

Letters are employed to indicate characteristics
Numerical are employed to indicate displacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

L

A

Left-Hand Rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

T

A

Turbocharged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

I

A

Fuel Injected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

G

A

Geared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

S

A

Supercharged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

O

A

Opposed Cylinders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

R

A

Radial Engine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

#

A

Displacement to the nearest 5 in^3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

How is excessive heat is undesirable for reciprocating engines?

A

Adversely affects behavior of the combustion of the air fuel charge
Weakens and shortens the life of engine parts
Impairs Lubrication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Excessive heat generated by the engine is removed from the engine by the

A

Convection process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Projects from the engine cylinders

A

Cooling fins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Used around the cylinders to direct the air flow and obtain maximum cooling

A

Baffles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Advantages of Air Cooling

A

Weight of an air cooled engine is usually less than a liquid cooled engine
Less affected by cold weather operations
Less vulnerable to gunfire (Military)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Disadvantages of Air Cooling

A

Requires forward movement for ram air to sufficiently cool the engine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Liquid cooling systems consists of

A

Liquid passage around the cylinders and specific hot spots in the engine
Radiator to cool the liquid
Thermostatic element to decide amount of cooling to the liquid
Connecting pipes and hoses
Relief valve to prevent excessive pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

How does liquid cooling work?

A

Cooling liquid is circulated through the engine areas that require heat removal
Heat is transferred to the liquid
Heated liquid then passes through a heat exchanger (radiator) and cools down
The cooled liquid is then cycled back into the engine to repeat the cooling process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

The Crankcase

A

The foundation of the engine
Must support itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What does the crankcase provide?

A

Mounting to the aircraft and cylinders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Three groups of the Crankcase

A

Opposed-Engine Crankcases
Radial-Engine Crankcases
In-Line and V-Type Crankcases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Opposed-Engine Crankcases

A

Consists of two matching, reinforced aluminum-alloy castings
Castings are divided vertically at the centerline
Fastened together with studs and nuts
Lubricating system are contained in the crankcase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Oil passages are drilled in sections of the case to supply lubrication to

A

Crankshaft Bearings
Camshaft Bearings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Radial-Engine Crankcase

A

Consists of multiple sections (3-7)
The Front Section (Nose)
Main Power Section
Fuel Induction and Distribution Section (Blower or Supercharger)
Accessory Section

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What is in the Accessory Section of the Radial-Engine Crankcase

A

Provides mounting pads for accessory units
Fuel Pump
Vacuum Pump
Lubrication Oil Pump
Starters
Magnetos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

In-Line and V-Type Engine Crankcases Sections

A

Front Section
Power Section
Fuel Induction and Distribution Section
Accessory Section

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

In-Line and V-Type Engine Crankcases Front Section

A

May be cast as part of the power section or be a separate part
Houses the propeller shaft, propeller thrust bearing… etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

In-Line and V-Type Engine Crankcases Power Section

A

May be one part or two part
Supports crankshaft bearings
Cylinders are mounted onto this section
Provides attachment points to the engine mount

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

In-Line and V-Type Engine Crankcases Fuel Induction and Distribution Section

A

Houses the diffuser vanes
Supports the internal blower impeller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

In-Line and V-Type Engine Crankcases Accessory Section

A

Can be a separate unit mounted onto the Fuel Induction and Distribution Section or form a part of the section
Houses the accessory drives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What is in the Accessory Section of the In-Line and V-Type Engine Crankcases

A

Mounting pads for:
Fuel Pump
Coolant Pump
Vacuum Pump
Magnetos
Other devices operated by engine power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Bearings

A

A part in which devices turns or revolves on:
Journal
Pivot
Pin
Shaft
etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Aircraft bearings

A

Produces minimum friction
Maximum wear resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Characteristics of a good bearing

A

Made of material strong enough to withstand the pressure imposed on it
Permit the other surface to move with minimum wear and friction
Be held in position with very tight tolerances
Provide quiet and efficient operation while not sacrificing freedom of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Bearings are called Thrust Bearings when in addition to reducing friction of moving parts they also take:

A

Thrust Loads
Radial Loads
Combination of Thrust and Radial Loads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Plain Bearings

A

Low-power engines
Mainly designed to take radial loads
Can also be used as a thrust bearing when flanges added

66
Q

What are plain bearings used for?

A

Connecting Rods
Crankshaft
Camshaft

67
Q

Common Materials for plain bearings

A

Silver
Lead
Bronze
Combination of the above

68
Q

Roller Bearing

A

High-power applications
Made in a variety of shapes and sizes
Tapered rollers can withstand both radial and thrust loads
Straight rollers are used for radial loads

69
Q

Bearing Race

A

Channel where rollers travel
Hardened Steel
Rollers are situated between and inner and outer race

70
Q

Ball Bearings

A

Provides less friction than any other bearing types

71
Q

Components of Ball Bearings

A

Inner Race
Outer Race
Set of Polished Steel Balls
Ball Retainer

72
Q

Some ball bearings have ___ rows of balls and ___ sets of races

A

two

73
Q

_____ have grooves in them to fit the curvature of the balls

A

Races

74
Q

_____ within the bearings are held in place by a ball retainer

A

Balls

75
Q

The _______ maintain proper spacing between the balls preventing the balls from contacting each other

A

Retainers

76
Q

Commonly used for thrust bearings

A

Ball bearings

77
Q

Races can be designed with deep ________ or heavier ____ on a specific depending on intended thrust load

A

grooves, race

78
Q

Special ball bearings can be

A

side critical

79
Q

Crankshaft

A

Transforms reciprocating motion of the piston to rotary motion to turn the propeller

80
Q

Parts of the crankshaft

A

Main Journal
Crankpin
Crank Cheek or Crank Arm
Counterweights and Dampers

81
Q

Main Journal

A

Serves to keep the crankshaft in alignment

82
Q

Crankpin

A

When a force is applied to the crankpin in any direction other than parallel to the crankshaft, it will rotate the crankshaft

83
Q

Crankpins are usually what?

A

hollow

84
Q

Crank Cheek/Crank Arm

A

Connects the crankpin to the main journal

85
Q

Counterweight must offset the weight of

A

Single Throw
Connecting Rod
Piston assembly

86
Q

Dynamic Dampeners

A

Relieve the whip and vibration from the rotating crankshaft

87
Q

Types of crankshafts (4)

A

Single Throw
Double Throw
Four Throw
Six Throw

88
Q

Types of propeller shafts (3)

A

Tapered
Spline
Flange

89
Q

Tapered Shaft

A

has a milled slot for a key

90
Q

Spline Shaft

A

Rectangular grooves are machined in the shaft

91
Q

Flange Shaft

A

A short stub forward of the flange supports and center the propeller hub

92
Q

What alloy is used for most connecting rods?

A

steel

93
Q

What alloy is used for low power engines?

A

aluminum

94
Q

Common cross sectional shapes (2)

A

H
I

95
Q

Large End

A

The end of the connecting rod that connects to the crankshaft

96
Q

Small End

A

The end of the connecting rod that connects to the piston pin

97
Q

At each stroke, connecting rods goes through this 3-step process

A
  1. Stop
  2. Change of direction
  3. Start
98
Q

Types of connecting rod assemblies

A

Plain
Fork and Blade
Master and Articulated

99
Q

Plain Connecting Rod

A

Commonly used for in-line and opposed engines

100
Q

Fork and Blade Connecting Rod

A

Used for V-type engines

101
Q

Master and Articulated Connecting Rod

A

Used in radial engines

102
Q

Surface of master rod must be free of (3)

A

Nicks
Scratches
Other surface damages

103
Q

Types of Pistons (5)

A

Flat
Recessed
Concave
Convex
Truncated Cone

104
Q

Piston Ring

A

are split so they can be slipped over the outside of the piston into ring grooves

105
Q

Three types of ring split joints

A

Plain Butt
Step
Angle

106
Q

Blowby

A

the flow of gases from the combustion chamber into the crankcase

107
Q

Functions of Piston Rings (3)

A

Provide seal to hold the pressures in the combustion chamber
Prevent excessive oil from entering the combustion chamber
Conduct the heat from the piston to the cylinder walls

108
Q

Worn or defective piston rings (4)

A

Loss of compression
Excessive oil consumption
Excessively high oil discharge from the crankcase breather
Excessive blue smoke from exhaust during normal operation

109
Q

Types of Piston Rings (2)

A

Compression
Oil

110
Q

Compression Rings

A

Prevent gases from escaping past the piston during operation

111
Q

Oil Rings

A

Control the thickness of oil film on the cylinder walls

112
Q

Types of Oil Piston Rings (2)

A

Oil Control
Oil Wiper

113
Q

Piston Pins

A

Used to attach the piston to the connecting rod

114
Q

Types of Piston Pins (3)

A

Stationary
Semi-Floating
Full-Floating

115
Q

Stationary Piston Pins

A

Not free to move in any direction
Secured in place by a set screw

116
Q

Semi-Floating Piston Pins

A

Securely held by a clamp screw

117
Q

Full-Floating Piston Pins

A

Free to run or slide in the connecting rod and the piston
Used in modern aircraft engines

118
Q

Piston Pin Retainers (1)

A

Nonferrous-Metal Plugs

119
Q

Nonferrous-Metal Plugs

A

Inserted in the open ends of the piston pin

120
Q

Cylinder Assembly (7)

A

Cylinder Barrel
Cylinder Head
Valve Guides
Valve Rocker-Arm Supports
Valve Seats
Spark Plug Bushings
Cooling Fins

121
Q

Cylinder Barrel

A

Provides best conduction of heat from inside the barrel

122
Q

Cylinder Head

A

Encloses the combustion chamber

123
Q

What do cylinder heads contain? (4)

A

Intake Valves
Exhaust Valves
Valve Guides
Valve Seats

124
Q

Methods for Joining the Cylinder Head to the Barrel (3)

A

Threaded-Joint Method
Shrink-Fit Method
Stud-and-Nut Method

125
Q

Valves

A

Any device for regulating or determining the direction of flow of a liquid or gas by opening and closing a passage
Uses ports

126
Q

Two types of valve ports

A

Intake
Exhaust

127
Q

Types of valves (3)

A

Poppet Type
Exhaust
Intake

128
Q

Types of Poppet Type Valves (4)

A

Flat-Headed Valve
Semi-Tulip Valve
Tulip Valve
Mushroom Valve

129
Q

Valve Stem

A

Surface-Hardened to resist wear

130
Q

Valve Tip

A

Designed to prevent valves from falling into the combustion chambers if the tips fail

131
Q

Exhaust Valves

A

Operates in very high temperatures

132
Q

Valve Guides

A

Positioned to support and guide the stems of the valves

133
Q

Valve Seats

A

are shrunk or screwed into the circular edge of the valve opening in the cylinder head

134
Q

Valve Spring

A

Closes the valves

135
Q

What do Valve Operating Mechanisms control? (3)

A

Valves will open at the correct time
Remain open for the required time
Close at the proper time

136
Q

Valve Mechanism Components (4)

A

Cam
Valve Lifter or Tappet
Pushrod
Rocker Arm

137
Q

Cam

A

Actuates the valve lifting mechanism

138
Q

Valve Lifter or Tappet

A

Transmits the force of the cam to the valve pushrod

139
Q

Pushrod

A

Rod or tube between the valve lifter and the rocker arm. Transmits the motion of the valve lifter

140
Q

Rocker Arm

A

For opening and closing the valves

141
Q

Heat Engines

A

Utilize heat energy to produce the power for propulsion

142
Q

Examples of Heat Engines (2)

A

Reciprocating Engines
Gas Turbine Engines

143
Q

Energy

A

The capacity for doing work

144
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Energy of motion

145
Q

Potential Energy

A

Energy of position or stored energy

146
Q

When a mixture of gasoline and air is ignited the kinetic energy of the molecules _________

A

increases

147
Q

If the gas is confined, pressure will ________

A

increase

148
Q

The pressure will produce work when the piston is forced ________

A

downward

149
Q

______ can be transformed from one kind to another

A

energy

150
Q

Energy transformation chart

A

Mechanical energy
↓
Electric energy
↓
Heat, Light, Chemical, Mechanical energy

151
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

𝑉1/𝑉2 = 𝑃2/𝑃1

152
Q

Charles’ Law

A

𝑉1/𝑉2 = 𝑇1/𝑇2

153
Q

Engine Cycle

A

Intake
Compression
Ignition
Combustion
Exhaust

154
Q

Otto Cycle

A

Four-stroke five event cycle

155
Q

Stroke

A

The distance which the piston travels

156
Q

Compression Ratio

A

Ratio of the volume of space in the cylinder when piston is at Bottom Dead Center (BDC) to the volume when the piston is at Top Dead Center (TDC)

157
Q

Four Stoke Five Event Cycle (SSBB)

A

Intake Stroke (Suck)
Compression Stroke (Squeeze)
Power Stroke (Bang)
Exhaust Stroke (Blow)

158
Q

Intake Stroke

A

Piston starts at TDC
Intake valve is open
Exhaust valve is closed
Piston moves downward
Air fuel mixture is drawn into the cylinder

159
Q

Compression Stroke

A

Intake valve closes
Piston moves back up
Air fuel mixture is compressed in the cylinder
Before piston reached TDC, ignition happens
Ignition is timed to happen few degrees before TDC
Ignition is caused by a sparkplug
Spark ignites the air fuel mixture

160
Q

Power Stroke

A

Heat and pressure from ignited air fuel mixture force the piston down
Power is developed during this stroke

161
Q

Exhaust Stroke

A

Before the piston reaches BDC on the power stroke, exhaust valve opens
Gases in the cylinder are forced out as the piston moves back up

162
Q

Valve Overlap

A

Intake valve opens before TDC
Exhaust valve closes after TDC

AT 103 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions