at 4 - Respiratory Failure Flashcards
Define the two types of respiratory failure
Type 1 O2 less than 8,
Type O2 less than 8, CO2 more than 6.5
What are the symptoms of respiratory failure?
breathlesness
tachpnoea
cyanosis
Type 2 = also drowsiness, headaches, Co2 retention flap G
Give examples of conditions that cause acute and chronic respiratory failrue
Acute - PE - pneumonia - exacerbation of COPD - PT - heart failure Chronic - COPD - pF - obesity - heart failure
Which drugs decrease respiratory drive?
general anaesthetics
sedatives
some antidepressants
opiates
How is respiratory failure managed?
supplementary oxygen
mechanical ventilation
inotropic support –> support circulation
correct any acidosis
What are the types of oxygen used at home?
long term oxygen therapy
- if pO2 less than 7.3 on 2 occasions
Ambulatory oxygen if sats less than 88%
What are the symptoms of PE?
What are the signs of PE?
What are the risk factors for PE?
Symptoms - plueritic chest pain - dyspnoea - haemoptysis - of DVT Signs - often none - may hear plural rub Risk factors - post surgery - flights - immoblity - malignancy - OCP, pregnancy -
How is risk of PE assessed?
- Symptoms of PE
- No likely alternative diagnosis
- Risk factor(s)
1,2,3 = high risk
1,2 = intermediate risk
1 = low risk
How does an ECG appear in PE?
right bundle branch block
What does a CXR look like in PE?
often grossly normal
bassal atelectasis
pleural based wedge shape
oligaemia
What are the possible causes of cavities on CXR?
Carcinoma Autoimmune Vascular Infection Trauma Young
What can be done to diagnose a PE?
CXR
ECG
CT pulmonary angiogram
V/Q scan
How are PE’s managed?
Get rid of clot using thrombolysis
anticoagulation for most cases e.g. low molecular weight heparin
