Anatomy - Nerves of Respiration and Brainstem

Question 1

What forms the margins of the neurovascular plane?

Answer 1

Deep- innermost intercostal muscle
Superficial - internal intercostal muscle, upper rib
Sup - groove of rib above
Inf - rib below but far away

Question 2

What do the intercostal nerves supply with sensory information?

Answer 2

intercostal muscles
pleura
serratus anterior 
skin over scapula
lat dorsi

Question 3

What nerves supply the diaphragm?

Answer 3

mainly phrenic nerve

peripherally supplied by intercostal nerves (T5-T12) and subcostal nerves (T12)

Question 4

What are the 3 peripheral attachments of the diaphragm?

Answer 4

xiphoid process of sternum
costal cartilages of ribs 7-12
lumbar vertebra (right and left crura) and arcuate ligaments

Question 5

What are the 3 openings in the diaphragm and what levels are they at?

Answer 5

T8 - IVC
T10 - oesophagus
T12 - abdominal aorta

Question 6

Describe the Valsava manouvre. Which sets of muscles are involved?

Answer 6

Forced expiration against a closed glottis.
Muscles of forced expiration - muscles of anterior abdominal wall, lat dorsi, quadratus lumborum, serratus posterior inferior
Muscles to close glottis -

Question 7

Describe the cough reflex and the nerves involved.

Answer 7

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