Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

astronomy final > astronomy exam 2 > Flashcards

astronomy exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

plato and aristotle

A

believed in a geocentric earth and that the perfect heavens were in the midst of a perfect sphere, and that planets orbited earth in a central path

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

retrograde motion

A

what they observed as moving forward then stepping back, didn’t fit with geocentric theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ptolemy

A

mathematician who liked geocentric earth, but understood the dilemma and came up with platonic geocentric plan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

platonic geocentric earth

A

move earth over slightly from center, planets moved at constant speed, there were epicycles and deferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

equant

A

where you’d see things moving at a constant speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mercury and venus

A

were never seen far from the sun, their epicycles were along lines that connected earth to the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ecliptic

A

apparent path of the sun against a background of stars (projection of earth orbiting against sky)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

zodiac

A

band around the sky about 9 degree above and below the ecliptic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pseudoscience

A

set of beliefs that doesn’t follow basic scientific ideas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Milankovitch Hypothesis 1920

A

small changes in earths orbit, precession, and inclination effect earths climate and caused ice ages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

scientific argument

A

careful presentation of theory and evidence in logical discussion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

angular diameter/2.06 x 10^5

A

linear diameter/distance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

copernicus

A

came up with heliocentric theory and explained retrograde motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

1563

A

Jupiter and Saturn close to the sun in sky, both models fail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

three laws of motion

A
  1. a body continues at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by some force
  2. The change of motion (a) of a body of mass m is proportional to the force (f) actin on it and is in the direction of the force
    f =ma
  3. When are body exerts a force on a secons body the second body exerts equal and opposite force back
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion

A

planets move on elliptical orbits around sun, constant area and velocity, p^2/a^3 = constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

p

A

orbital speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

a

A

semi major axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

galileo (late 1500’s)

A

used telscopes and wrote about his observations, found out the moon is imperfect, saw stars too faint for the naked eye, also thought there were planets orbiting Jupiter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

galilean satellites

A

Galileo thought there were planets orbiting Jupiter, but they are moons that orbit at different speeds and this confirms geocentric view of the earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

galileos discovery about the sun

A

that the sun had spots and they moved which meant it was spinning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Galileo’s discovery about Venus

A

venus had phases like the moon which meant a heliocentric system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Isaac Newton

A

discovered gravity, calculus, theory of light, laws of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

forces are expressed in

A

Newtons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
force of attraction equation
F = GMaMb/r^2
26
Newtons laws of gravity states that
force always pulls mass to the center
27
2nd law of motion
F=ma (a= kinematic quality of acceleration)
28
velocity
is always tangent to direction, changes during motion
29
circular velocity (speed of object in motion)
V= (sqrt) GME/r
30
affects tides
gravitational force on near side of earth gets pulled more than the far side
31
kepler's third law
p^2/a^3= constant
32
newton's equation to help us find mass of an object
p^2/r^3= 4pi^2/Gme
33
angstrom
distance measurement of 10^-10 m
34
copernicus
heliocentric universe, couldn't precisely say planetary positions, said earth moves faster than other planets further from the sun,
35
paradigm
commonly accepted set of ideas and scientific assumptions
36
kepler
abandoned uniform circular motion, faster when closer to the sun
37
ellipse
closed curve around 2 points, total distance from 1 focus to any point on curve back to other focus in constant
38
semimajor axis
half of longest axis of ellipse
39
eccentricity e
measure of flattening of ellipse an ellipse of e=0 is circular, closer to 1 it gets the flatter
40
first law of motion
orbits of planets are ellipses (nearly circular)
41
second law
planet moves from A to B in 1 month, same time from A^1 to B^1
42
Ptolemy attempted to explain motion of planets using
epicycles and defferents
43
third law
orbital periods are related to their distance from the sun
44
theory
is not a tentative idea
45
mass
matter of an object
46
inverse square relation
both force of gravity and light intensity decrease with square of distance form source
47
spring tides
high amplitude at new moon
48
neap tides
low amplitude at first 3 quarter moons
49
light in classical theory
is a transverse wave
50
speed
distance/time
51
modern view of light
it is a photon
52
photon
bundle of energy with wavelength and volume, particle of electromagnetic wave
53
photon
bundle of energy with wavelength and volume, particle of electromagnetic wave
54
E=hv
e= energy of photon, h= planks constant, v= frequency
55
problems with refracting telescopes
hard to make perfect glass without impurities, machining lens is difficult, can only support around edge which limits size,
56
refraction
bending of light
57
chromatic aberation
refraction depends on wavelength, but waves don't meet at the same place and this prevents clearly focused images
58
reflecting telescopes
have better support and no chromatic abberation
59
what does telescope do
gathers light, resolution, magnification
60
light
electromagnetic radiation
61
electromagnetic spectrum
goes through space at 3.000 x 10^8m/s
62
wavelength
distance between peaks of a wave
63
frequency
number of waves passing in one second (v)
64
higher frequency =
shorter wave
65
inversely
amount of energy a photon carries is ---- proportional to its wavelength
66
spectrum
array of electromagnetic radiation in order wavelength
67
infrared
beyond red end of visible spectrum
68
optical telescopes
collect visible light
69
resolving power
ability of telescope to reveal fine detail
70
diffraction fringe
unavoidable blurring around every point of light in image
71
proportional
diffraction fringe is to wavelength
72
seeing
refers to amount of image blurring due to atmospheric
73
radio astronomer
have poor resolution and low signal instensity
74
light gathering powers
to compare calculate the ratio of the areas of the primaries which is the ratio of the D squared
75
resolving power calculate
to calculate = angular distance between 2 stars
76
magnifying power
to calculate ratio of focal length of primary lens over eyepiece
77
hubble space telescope
most successful observatory in history, lacks seeing distortion
78
photographic plate
records images of celestial objects
79
photometers
sensitive light meters that measure brightness of individual objects
80
charge-coupled devices
more sensitive, digitized images, image-recording devices and photometers
81
array detectors
infrared detectors
82
represational-color-images
colors represent intensity
83
spectograph
spreads out light according to color and uses grating
84
spectral lines
dark or bright lines that cross spectrum at specific wavelengths
85
adaptive optics
monitors and corrects atmospheric distortion
86
laser guide star
artificial star from atmosphere glow
87
inerferometry
synthesizing large telescopes using small ones
88
spectrograph
breaks light up into spectrum
89
cosmic rays
subatomic particles through space at tremendous velocities, created somehow that go through space and collide in earths upper atmosphere make a shower of secondary particles
90
isotopes
same protons, different neutrons
91
ion
a charged atom, any atom that isn't neutral
92
Balmer series
light from hydrogen gas thats visible to humans
93
400-700 nm
visible light
94
ways atoms get excited
collisions among atoms, photon of correct energy gives energy to atom
95
2 types of spectra
absorption and emission spectra
96
absorption
when rays bounce off in different directions, path is diverted when its spit out
97
emission
takes longer, see photons who are readmitted
98
lyman
studied transition from higher to lower N, we can't see those
99
Balmer
is N=2, which we can see
100
Pascheh
is N=3, we can't see
101
higher temperature gas
transfers things down to N=2 division
102
why is it necessary to have rockets and satellites in order to do UV and X ray astronomy?
Because Earth's atmosphere absorbs most of these types of radiation

astronomy final (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions