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astronomy final > astronomy exam 1 review > Flashcards

astronomy exam 1 review Flashcards

1
Q

distance

A

speed x time

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2
Q

stars

A

balls of gas that radiate heat and light, they are sources of light

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3
Q

constellations

A

stellar patterns identified by names, pieces of the ski

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4
Q

asterism

A

a pattern of stars that is not a constellation
example, the big dipper

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5
Q

depth perception or parallax

A

the apparent shift in the position of an object when viewed from two different points

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6
Q

alpha

A

brightest star in constellation

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7
Q

beta

A

second brightest star

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8
Q

greek

A

used for naming stars

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9
Q

magnitude

A

brightness

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10
Q

hipparchus

A

tried to organize stars with brightest classification
1st class is the brightest star
6th class is barely visible with the naked eye

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11
Q

apparent visual magnitude

A

brightness of star as seen by human eyes on earth

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12
Q

zenith

A

whats directly above your head

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13
Q

nadar

A

what’s directly under you

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14
Q

longitude

A

east and west

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15
Q

latitude

A

north and south

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16
Q

radian

A

angle where arc length equals radius of a circle

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17
Q

equinox

A

12 hours of light and dark

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18
Q

ecliptic

A

path of the sun through the stars over a year (zodiac signs)

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19
Q

are moon plains parallel

A

no

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20
Q

waxing

A

more full

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21
Q

waning

A

less full

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22
Q

lunar synodic period

A

29.5 days

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23
Q

lunar sidereal period

A

27.3 days

24
Q

when moon is in penumbra

A

partial lunar eclipse

25
Q

when moon is in umbra

A

full lunar eclipse
the moon needs to be full for this to happen

26
Q

magnitude scale

A

astronomical brightness scale, the larger the number, the fainter the star

27
Q

flux

A

amount of light energy that hits one square meter in one second

28
Q

angular distance

A

angle between 2 lines extending from your eye to two objects

29
Q

arc minutes

A

1/60 degree

30
Q

angular diameter

A

angular distance from one edge to another

31
Q

circumpolar constellations

A

never rise or set because their located near a pole

32
Q

scientific model

A

intellectual construct that helps us understand real world but isnt completely true or accurate

33
Q

precession

A

slow change in direction of earth’s axis of rotation

34
Q

celestial sphere

A

scientific model of the sky

35
Q

average diameter

A

linear diameter/distance

36
Q

1 AU

A

1.5 x 10^8 km

37
Q

smallest to largest (earth, moon, sun, nearest star, milky way and nearest galaxy)

A
  1. Earth to moon
  2. Earth to sun
  3. sun to nearest star
  4. milky way to next nearest galaxy
38
Q

AU

A

average distance between the earth and the sun

39
Q

the lower the magnitude of a star

A

the brighter it is

40
Q

compare visual magnitude of stars equation

A

2.5 log (1/4)

41
Q

if two stars differ in magnitude equation

A

(Fa/Fb) = (2.512)^(mbxma)

42
Q

degrees of north and south celestial

A

north (90) and south (180)

43
Q

motion of a star

A

along the celestial equator is due to the earth’s rotation on its axis

44
Q

density

A

mass/volume

45
Q

annular eclipse

A

a rare event that occurs when the moon passes between the Earth and the sun, but doesn’t completely cover the sun

46
Q

lunar eclipse

A

Earth comes between the sun and the moon, blocking the sunlight falling on the moon.

47
Q

umbra

A

the dark center of the moon’s shadow on the earth during a solar eclipse, where the sun is completely blocked

48
Q

penumbra

A

the outer part of the moon’s shadow that partially blocks the sun during a solar eclipse

49
Q

why do we have seasons?

A

Earth has seasons because of its tilted axis and elliptical orbit around the sun. The Earth’s axis is tilted relative to its orbital plane, which changes the angle at which sunlight hits the Earth’s surface. When the Earth’s axis points towards the sun, it is summer for that hemisphere. For example, when the North Pole tilts toward the Sun, it’s summer in the Northern Hemisphere

50
Q

brightest star in constellation perseus

A

Alpha Persei

51
Q

phase of the moon during a solar eclipse

A

new moon

52
Q

the larger the apparent visual magnitude of a star

A

the harder to see with the naked eye

53
Q

difference between the sidereal period of the moon and the synodic period of the moon

A

The sidereal period of the moon is the time it takes for the moon to complete one orbit around the Earth, while the synodic period is the time it takes for the moon to return to the same position in the sky relative to the sun.

54
Q

relative position of the Earth, sun and moon when the moon is at first quarter phase

A

half moon (the moon is directly to the side of the earth and the sun is in front of it)

55
Q

will polaris always be the north star?

A

No, Polaris is not always the North Star because Earth’s rotation axis wobbles over time, causing the celestial pole to move in a circle past different stars. This phenomenon is called axial precession. In about 12,000 years, the star Vega will become the North Star, as it will sweep past Polaris and point to it again

astronomy final (4 decks)

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