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Respiratory Clinical Conditions > Asthma treatment > Flashcards

Asthma treatment Flashcards

1
Q

what are the benefits of inhalers?

A

delivery directly to the target organ
onset of effect is faster
minimal systemic exposure
systemic adverse effects are less severe and frequent

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2
Q

what are the main types of inhalers?

A

pMDI - metered dose inhaler
pMDI with spacer
DPI - dry powder inhaler

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3
Q

concerning SABA’s, when is treatment increased?

A

when the use of SABA’s is more than 3 times per week

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4
Q

describe the treatment stepping stones for athsma.

A

SABA
SABA + ICS
SABA + ICS + LABA
SABA + ICS + LABA + other therapy
other therapy: leukotriene receptor antagonist, theophylline, prednisolone, LAMA
Then if still no adequate control then consider daily oral steroid on top of other medications.

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5
Q

what does SABA stand for?

A

short acting b2 antagonists

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6
Q

what inhalers are relievers and what are preventers?

A 
relievers = SABA
preventers = ICS & LABA
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7
Q

what is the most common type of ICS?

A

beclomethasone

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8
Q

what type of inhaler is Fostair?

A

Fostair is a LAMA
(ICS + Long acting B2 antagonist)
It contains beclomethasone with formoterol

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9
Q

what can occur as a complication of abrupt cessation from oral steroid if taken for >3 weeks?

A

acute adrenal insufficiency

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10
Q

what are the specialist options for treatment of very severe asthma?

A

Omalizumab - Anti IgE
Mepolizumab - Anti-interleukin-5
Bronchial thermoplasty

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11
Q

What are the features/ clinical signs of acute severe asthma?

A

PEF 33-50% best or predicted
respiratory rate >22/min
heart rate > 110/min
inability to complete sentences in one breath

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12
Q

what are the features/ clinical signs of life threatening athsma?

A 
PEF <33% PREDICTED
Sp02 <92%
Pa02 <8kPa
'normal' PaC02 (4.0-6.0kPa)
altered conscious level
exhaustion
cyanosis
hypotension
arrhythmia
silent chest
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13
Q

what is the treatment for an acute asthma attack?

A

treat trigger
increase inhaler use
give oral steroid

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14
Q

what is the treatment for life threatening athsma attack?

A 
Treat trigger
nebulizer
oral/IV steroid
magnesium
aminophylline
note: chest x ray to check for any complications
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15
Q

What are some of the side effects of beta 2 antagonists?

A 
Tremor
Tachycardia
Hypokalaemia
Nervousness
Muscle cramps
Prolongation of QT interval
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16
Q

What are some of the side effects of inhaled corticosteroids?

A

Oral thrush
Skin bruising
Adrenal suppression
Dysphonia

17
Q

What are some of the side effects of leukotrien receptor antagonist?

A

Eosinophilia
Arthralgia
Rash
Nightmares

18
Q

What are some of the side effects of theophylline?

A

Abdominal pain
Arrhythmia
Nausea and vomiting

Respiratory Clinical Conditions (22 decks)

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