asthma pharm Flashcards
1
Q
what is the rule of two?
A
A patient needs controller therapy if:
- asthma symptoms present > 2x/week
- reliever inhaler used more than 2x/week
- nighttime awakenings >2x/ month
- use > 2 bursts of oral steroids/year
- refill reliever inhaler > 2x/year
2
Q
which medications are short acting Beta2-agonists (SABA)
A
- Albuterol
- levalbuterol
3
Q
which medication is a short-acting muscarinic antagonist? (SAMA)
A
Ipratropium (atrovent HFA)
4
Q
what are potential adverse effects of ICS therapy/
A
- Local effects (irritation/cough, oropharyngeal candidiasis, voice changes, hoarseness)
- behavioral/ psychiatric effects
- growth delay in children
- osteoporosis
- dermal thinning and increased ease of skin bruising
- HPA axis dysfunction and adrenal insufficiency
5
Q
- Used with MDI to minimize systemic absorption and limit local side effects
- improves hand-lung coordination in young and elderly patients
A
Holding chambers
6
Q
which medications are long acting beta-2-agonists?
(LABA)
A
salmeterol
Formoterol
7
Q
LABA should always be used in combination with?
A
Inhaled corticosteroids
8
Q
potential side effects of (SABA or LABA)
A
- Nervousness, tremor, HA, cough, tachycardia, paradoxical bronchospasm
9
Q
- often seen as an add on controler
- in kids can be used as a replacement for ICS
- has medications such as montelukast
- improve asthma control, reduce frequency of exacerbations, but are not as effective as low-dose ICS in maintaining asthma control
- also used for patients with concomitant allergic rhinitis
A
Leukotriene modifiers
10
Q
what are adverse effects of leukotriene agonists
A
- mild flu-like symptoms
- aggressive behavior
- agitation
- dream disorders, hallucinations
11
Q
- considered both reliever (or burst) therapy exacerbations and controller (or chronic) therapy (severe asthma)
- side effecte: Short term (euophoria), long term (Cataracts, masking hypoglycemia, buffalo hump)
A
Oral Corticosteroids
Only used in severe asthma
