asthma pharm Flashcards

1
Q

what is the rule of two?

A

A patient needs controller therapy if:

  • asthma symptoms present > 2x/week
  • reliever inhaler used more than 2x/week
  • nighttime awakenings >2x/ month
  • use > 2 bursts of oral steroids/year
  • refill reliever inhaler > 2x/year
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2
Q

which medications are short acting Beta2-agonists (SABA)

A
  • Albuterol
  • levalbuterol
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3
Q

which medication is a short-acting muscarinic antagonist? (SAMA)

A

Ipratropium (atrovent HFA)

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4
Q

what are potential adverse effects of ICS therapy/

A
  • Local effects (irritation/cough, oropharyngeal candidiasis, voice changes, hoarseness)
  • behavioral/ psychiatric effects
  • growth delay in children
  • osteoporosis
  • dermal thinning and increased ease of skin bruising
  • HPA axis dysfunction and adrenal insufficiency
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5
Q
  • Used with MDI to minimize systemic absorption and limit local side effects
  • improves hand-lung coordination in young and elderly patients
A

Holding chambers

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6
Q

which medications are long acting beta-2-agonists?
(LABA)

A

salmeterol
Formoterol

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7
Q

LABA should always be used in combination with?

A

Inhaled corticosteroids

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8
Q

potential side effects of (SABA or LABA)

A
  • Nervousness, tremor, HA, cough, tachycardia, paradoxical bronchospasm
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9
Q
  • often seen as an add on controler
  • in kids can be used as a replacement for ICS
  • has medications such as montelukast
  • improve asthma control, reduce frequency of exacerbations, but are not as effective as low-dose ICS in maintaining asthma control
  • also used for patients with concomitant allergic rhinitis
A

Leukotriene modifiers

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10
Q

what are adverse effects of leukotriene agonists

A
  • mild flu-like symptoms
  • aggressive behavior
  • agitation
  • dream disorders, hallucinations
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11
Q
  • considered both reliever (or burst) therapy exacerbations and controller (or chronic) therapy (severe asthma)
  • side effecte: Short term (euophoria), long term (Cataracts, masking hypoglycemia, buffalo hump)
A

Oral Corticosteroids

Only used in severe asthma

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