Asthma & COPD Chp 20 Flashcards
Drugs most used for asthma management
Adrenoceptor agonist or sympathomimetic agents (Relievers/Bronchodilators) & inhaled Corticosteroids (Controllers or anti-inflammatory agents)
What do andrenoceptor agonist increase?
formation of intracellular cAMP, therby relaxing airway smooth muscle and inhibiting release of bronchoconstricting mediators from mast cells
Regular Beta agonist use will cause
tachyphylaxis
Most important action of corticosteriods
inhibition of the infiltration of asthmatic airways by lymphocytes, eosinophils, and mast cells
What is given in treating COPD
ABX due to exacerbations being caused by bacterial infections of the lower airways
What are beta agonist
Albuterol, Salmeterol, Epi, and Isoproterenol
Action of Albuterol & Salmeterol
Beta 2 agonoist
Action of Epi
nonselective alpha & beta agonist
action of isoproterenol
beta 1 & 2 agonist
effects of albuterol
bronchodilation
usage of albuterol
asthma, copd, acute asthmatic bronchospasm
effects. of salmeterol
slow onset, preventive action, potentiates corticosteroid effects; prevents asthma exacerbation
effects of epi
bronchodilation and sympathomimetic effects on CV. and other organs; used for anaphylaxis, rarely used for asthma
effects of isoproterenol
bronchodilation plus powerful CV effects; asthma
corticosteroid
fluticasone (inhaled) prednisone (systemic)
effects of fluticasone
reduces mediators of inflammation, alters gene expression, asthma tx; adjunct in COPD
methylxanthines
theophylline
action of theophylline
phosphodiesterase inhibition; adenosine receptor antagonist
effects of theophylline
bronchodilation, cardiac stimulation, increased skeletal muscle strength (diaphragm); asthma & COPD
leukotriene Antagonist
Montelukast, Zarfirlukast
action of montelukast
block leukotriene D4 receptors; blocks airway response to exercise and antigen challenge; prophylaxis of asthma (children) and in aspirin induced asthma
