Asthma and COPD 😷 (Shelby🐈) Flashcards
How long does it take for a Short Acting Beta-2 Agonists (SABA) to work?
How long do they last?
IMMEDIATELY ⏲
4-6 hours
Name the SABAs we need to know
Albuterol
Levalbuterol
Purabuterol
Terbutaline
Bitolterol
What is Ipratroprium (Atrovent) used for
used in COPD, block muscarinic induced bronchoconstriction
Which leukotriene inhibitor(s) block(s) the synthesis of leukotrienes
Zileuton (Zyflo CR)
What is Omalizaumab (Xolair)
Monoclonal antibody, prevents binding of IgE to cells associated with allergic response
Lowers free serum IgE
Which leukotriene inhibitor(s) is a/are leukotriene receptor antagonist(s)
Zafirlukast (Accolate)
Montelukast (Singulair)
(the “lukasts”)
What is a benefit of Theophylline
decreases the fatigue of the diaphragm
Main side effect of INHALED corticosteroids
oral candidiasis (thrush)
What two things do Beta 2 Selective Receptor Agonists do
Inhibits histamine release from mast cells
Relaxes airway smooth muscle
Omalizaumab (Xolair) side effects
WELL TOLERATED
rash, injection site reactions, small decrease in platelets
What is Theophylline
Long acting bronchodilator that is taken orally 💊👄
long acting bronchodilator that is taken orally
Theophylline
What asthma medication improves the response to B agonists
Corticosteroids
Theophylline MOA (2)!!!
PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITOR
Increases cAMP (like beta 2 stimulation) to cause bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase
and
Blocks adenosine receptors – leads to bronchodilation
When is Theophylline used
Only used when nothing else works for asthma and COPD
most widely used medication in the treatment of asthma =
Beta 2 Selective Receptor Agonists
Why are there few side effects with corticosteroids in the treatment of asthma
Because they are INHALED 🌬
no absorption systemically
First line medication for COPD
Ipratroprium (Atrovent)
Which asthma medication lowers free serum IgE
Omalizaumab (Xolair)
Asthma medication used for asthma attack
Short Acting Beta-2 Agonists (SABAs)
Which COPD medication is a muscarinic ANTAGONIST
Ipratroprium (Atrovent)
What are LABAs ALWAYS ALWAYS ALWAYS combined with
WHY?
Always combined with a steroid to decrease the down regulation of beta 2 receptors
Cromolyn sodium, Nedcromil MOA
Inhibits release of histamine from mast cells- NOT a bronchodilator
How can leukotriene inhibitors help in the treatment of asthma
chronically only, no effect on attack in progress
What are Short Acting Beta-2 Agonists (SABAs) used for?
What are they NOT used for?
acute attacks
not used for chronic use
Beta 2 Selective Receptor Agonists side effects
tachycardia 💓💗💓
nervousness 😬
dizziness 🥴
What is the main side effect of Ipratroprium (Atrovent)
dry mouth 👅
Medication used in eosinophilic asthma
Omalizaumab (Xolair)
Side effects of leukotriene inhibitors
Can cause sleepiness, URIs, sore throat, sometimes psychiatric symptoms
Who uses Cromolyn sodium, Nedcromil
children
Name the LABAs we need to know
Salmeterol
Formoteral
How long does it take for long acting beta-2 agonists (LABAs) to work?
Effects take 20-30 minutes ⏳
What medications inhibit the metabolism of Theophylline leading to toxicity
Cimetidine, Ketoconazole, Erythromycin
(The king, the queen, and the crown prince of drug interactions!) 🃏👑👑
Which asthma/COPD medication is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor
Theophylline
Why is Theophylline rarely used
Narrow therapeutic range
too low- can’t breathe
too high – toxic
Which asthma medication inhibits the release of histamine from mast cells, but is NOT a bronchodilator
Cromolyn sodium, Nedcromil
What are LABAs used for
Prevention and prophylaxis of asthma
when inhaled corticosteroid is not enough or symptoms are at night
Side effects of Theophylline
stimulates the CNS: 🧠
Nervousness, insomnia, anxiety, tremor, tachycardia, arrhythmias, palpitations, headache, N/V, seizures
