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Pharm Exam 2 (ASL) > Asthma and COPD 😷 (Shelby🐈) > Flashcards

Asthma and COPD 😷 (Shelby🐈) Flashcards

1
Q

How long does it take for a Short Acting Beta-2 Agonists (SABA) to work?

How long do they last?

A

IMMEDIATELY ⏲

4-6 hours

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2
Q

Name the SABAs we need to know

A

Albuterol

Levalbuterol

Purabuterol

Terbutaline

Bitolterol

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3
Q

What is Ipratroprium (Atrovent) used for

A

used in COPD, block muscarinic induced bronchoconstriction

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4
Q

Which leukotriene inhibitor(s) block(s) the synthesis of leukotrienes

A

Zileuton (Zyflo CR)

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5
Q

What is Omalizaumab (Xolair)

A

Monoclonal antibody, prevents binding of IgE to cells associated with allergic response

Lowers free serum IgE

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6
Q

Which leukotriene inhibitor(s) is a/are leukotriene receptor antagonist(s)

A

Zafirlukast (Accolate)

Montelukast (Singulair)

(the “lukasts”)

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7
Q

What is a benefit of Theophylline

A

decreases the fatigue of the diaphragm

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8
Q

Main side effect of INHALED corticosteroids

A

oral candidiasis (thrush)

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9
Q

What two things do Beta 2 Selective Receptor Agonists do

A

Inhibits histamine release from mast cells

Relaxes airway smooth muscle

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10
Q

Omalizaumab (Xolair) side effects

A

WELL TOLERATED

rash, injection site reactions, small decrease in platelets

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11
Q

What is Theophylline

A

Long acting bronchodilator that is taken orally 💊👄

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12
Q

long acting bronchodilator that is taken orally

A

Theophylline

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13
Q

What asthma medication improves the response to B agonists

A

Corticosteroids

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14
Q

Theophylline MOA (2)!!!

A

PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITOR

Increases cAMP (like beta 2 stimulation) to cause bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase

and

Blocks adenosine receptors – leads to bronchodilation

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15
Q

When is Theophylline used

A

Only used when nothing else works for asthma and COPD

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16
Q

most widely used medication in the treatment of asthma =

A

Beta 2 Selective Receptor Agonists

17
Q

Why are there few side effects with corticosteroids in the treatment of asthma

A

Because they are INHALED 🌬

no absorption systemically

18
Q

First line medication for COPD

A

Ipratroprium (Atrovent)

19
Q

Which asthma medication lowers free serum IgE

A

Omalizaumab (Xolair)

20
Q

Asthma medication used for asthma attack

A

Short Acting Beta-2 Agonists (SABAs)

21
Q

Which COPD medication is a muscarinic ANTAGONIST

A

Ipratroprium (Atrovent)

22
Q

What are LABAs ALWAYS ALWAYS ALWAYS combined with

WHY?

A

Always combined with a steroid to decrease the down regulation of beta 2 receptors

23
Q

Cromolyn sodium, Nedcromil MOA

A

Inhibits release of histamine from mast cells- NOT a bronchodilator

24
Q

How can leukotriene inhibitors help in the treatment of asthma

A

chronically only, no effect on attack in progress

25
Q

What are Short Acting Beta-2 Agonists (SABAs) used for?

What are they NOT used for?

A

acute attacks

not used for chronic use

26
Q

Beta 2 Selective Receptor Agonists side effects

A

tachycardia 💓💗💓

nervousness 😬

dizziness 🥴

27
Q

What is the main side effect of Ipratroprium (Atrovent)

A

dry mouth 👅

28
Q

Medication used in eosinophilic asthma

A

Omalizaumab (Xolair)

29
Q

Side effects of leukotriene inhibitors

A

Can cause sleepiness, URIs, sore throat, sometimes psychiatric symptoms

30
Q

Who uses Cromolyn sodium, Nedcromil

A

children

31
Q

Name the LABAs we need to know

A

Salmeterol

Formoteral

32
Q

How long does it take for long acting beta-2 agonists (LABAs) to work?

A

Effects take 20-30 minutes ⏳

33
Q

What medications inhibit the metabolism of Theophylline leading to toxicity

A

Cimetidine, Ketoconazole, Erythromycin

(The king, the queen, and the crown prince of drug interactions!) 🃏👑👑

34
Q

Which asthma/COPD medication is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor

A

Theophylline

35
Q

Why is Theophylline rarely used

A

Narrow therapeutic range

too low- can’t breathe

too high – toxic

36
Q

Which asthma medication inhibits the release of histamine from mast cells, but is NOT a bronchodilator

A

Cromolyn sodium, Nedcromil

37
Q

What are LABAs used for

A

Prevention and prophylaxis of asthma

when inhaled corticosteroid is not enough or symptoms are at night

38
Q

Side effects of Theophylline

A

stimulates the CNS: 🧠

Nervousness, insomnia, anxiety, tremor, tachycardia, arrhythmias, palpitations, headache, N/V, seizures

Pharm Exam 2 (ASL) (8 decks)

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