Asthma Flashcards
T or F. Making the air less dense helps with asthma
T. Add heliux (Helium and Oxygen mixture)
Define asthma
chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, characterized by episodic, reversible bronchospasm
What cells play the biggest roles in asthma? Acute exacerbations?
mast cells, eosinophils, and T-lymphocytes AND
neutrophils in acute exacerbations
What is a methacolein challenge test?
asking a patient to inhale methacolein (a muscarinic agonist) to test airway hyperresponsive-ness
What are some persistent changes in airway structures seen in some asthmatics?
- sub-basement fibrosis
- mucus hyper-secretion
- injury to epithelium
- smooth muscle hypertrophy
- angiogenesis
aka airway remodeling (can also happen in COPD)
T or F. Airway remodeling is not reversible
T. Smooth muscle contraction can be reversed but not fibrosis
30-50% of children with asthma will outgrow their childhood asthma in adulthood. How?
good management and airways grow with age
Overall incidence of asthma is more common in ____.
Women and black race!, but pediatric more in boys
What is extrinsic asthma?
triggered type 1 hypersensitivity
What drugs can induce asthma?
- Aspirin
- NSAIDS
T or F. Leptin levels are elevated in asthmatics
T. Makes you obese
Classification of Asthma at diagnosis
Intermittent or Persistent
Classification of Asthma at follow-up
Controlled
Partially controlled
Uncontrolled
Treatment of Intermittent Asthma
As needed Albuterol
Treatment of Mild Persistent Asthma
Inhaled steroids
Treatment of Moderate Persistent Asthma
Inhaled steroids + LABA
Treatment of Severe Persistent Asthma
Inhaled steroids + LABA + Leukotriene modifiers
LABA are associated with increased mortality
Use cautiously
Describe intrinsic asthma
- Triggered my respiratory infection in adulthood
- Serum IgE not elevated and no family history
- Skin antigen test negative
What is the triad for drug-induced asthma?
- asthma
- aspirin sensitivity (flushing, angioedema, urticaria)
- Nasla polyps
How do leukotriene affect bronchial smooth muscle?
contraction
How does aspirin cause bronchospasm?
Aspirin blocks the production of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid, potentiating the production of leukotrienes
Ho do corticosteroids help in asthma?
block production of phospholipid A2
When do asthma symptoms occur in exercise-induced bronchospasm?
immediately after (peaks around 5-10 minutes after)