Asthma

Question 1

what are some of the characteristics of Asthma?

Answer 1

chronic airway inflammation
hyper responsiveness of airway
recurrent reversible airway obstruction

Question 2

What type of controller contains fluticasone?

Answer 2

inhaled corticosteroids

Question 3

what is the efficacy of Inhaled corticosteroids?

Answer 3

do not relax airway directly
lower airway hyperresponsiveness
lower frequency of asthma exacerbation
possibly prevent airway wall remodeling
lower need for b2 agonist
lower risk of death from asthma

Question 4

what is the side effects of Inhaled corticosteroids?

Answer 4

oropharyngeal candidiasis
dysphonia
cough/throat irritation
easy bruising
adrenal suppression
posterior subcapsular cataract
osteoporosis

Question 5

what type of controller is Montelukast?

Answer 5

leukotriene modifier

Question 6

what is the role of LTC4/LTD4 in Asthma?

Answer 6

bronchoconstriction
airway hyper responsiveness
mucosal edema
mucus hypersecretion
airway smooth muscle hyperplasia
increased c fiber release of substance P

Question 7

when do you use LTRA

Answer 7

prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma
aspirin induced asthma
exercise induced asthma

Question 8

Give an example of B2 selective(SABA) and the duration of action

Answer 8

salbutamol
rapid onset but short duration (4-6h)

Question 9

Give an example of B2 selective (LABA) and the duration of action

Answer 9

formoterol, rapid onset and long duration (12h, twice daily)

Question 10

what are the side effects of B2 agonist

Answer 10

fine tremor of skeletal muscle
muscle cramp
peripheral vasodilation
palpitation and tachycardia
hypokalemia and hyperglycemia

Question 11

what is the use of B2 agonists

Answer 11

ICS-Formoterol as preferred rescue reliever of asthma
on ICS-LABA maintenance, SABA salbutamol used as rescue reliever on required basis
ICS LABA provides long term maintenance of asthma
once daily LABA indacaterol for COPD only

Question 12

Name an example of Methylxanthines

Answer 12

Theophylline

Question 13

what is the MOA of theophylline

Answer 13

inhibit PDE
block adenosine receptor (GPCR)
increase epinephrine release from adrenal medulla

Question 14

what is the uses of Theophyllines

Question 15

what is the side effect of theophylline

Answer 15

narrow TI
caution for potential drug drug interaction
GI: N/V, anorexia, abdominal discomfort
CNS: nervousness, tremor, anxiety, headache, seizure
CV: Arrhythmia

Question 16

what type of drug is Ipratropium Bromide?

Answer 16

reliever (muscarinic antagonist)

Question 17

what is the MOA of Ipratropium Bromide

Answer 17

inhibit m3 receptor mediated bronchoconstriction
reverse the portion of bronchospasm, mucus secretion, inflammation and airway smooth muscle hyperplasia

Question 18

what is the use of Ipratropium Bromide

Answer 18

adjunct (add on therapy) to inhaled b2 agonist and inhaled steroids
patients intolerant to b2 agonist
more bronchodilator effect in COPD
(tiotropium bromide: more potent in bronchodilation in COPD)

Question 19

what is the side effects of Ipratropium Bromide

Answer 19

unpleasant taste
dry mouth
urinary retention
paradoxical bronchospasm

Question 20

name an example of Long Acting Muscarinic Antagonist (LAMA)

Answer 20

tiotropium bromide

Question 21

goals of anti asthma therapy

Answer 21

bronchodilator
anti inflammatory