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Asthma > Asthma > Flashcards

Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

Reversible chronic inflammatory airway disorder, characterized by increased responsiveness of the tracheobronchial tree to various stimuli resting in episodic reversible narrowing of the airway

A

Asthma

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2
Q

Most common type of asthma

A

occupational

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3
Q

Which immune responses are responsible for the development of asthma?

A

Th1 type and Th2 type cytokine response.

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4
Q

Th1 type does what

A

fights infection

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5
Q

Th2 type immune response does what

A

contributes to the development of asthma

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6
Q

Inducer stimuli that cause inflammation are

A
  1. inhaled allergens
  2. low molecular weight sensitizers
  3. viral of mycoplasmal respiratory infections
  4. noxious gases
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7
Q

Which inducers cause asthmatic bronchoconstriction

A
  1. Exercise
  2. Cold air
  3. laughter
  4. emotional upset
  5. inhaled irritants
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8
Q

What are triggers responsive for sudden severe bronco constriction

A
  1. Acetylsalicylic acid
  2. non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs
  3. B-adrenergic blockers
  4. food allergies
  5. certain food additives
  6. stings
  7. bites
  8. injections
  9. inhaled allergens
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9
Q 
What type of asthma is this:
Symptoms <2 days a week
night-time <2 times/month
SABA use <2/days week
effect on normal activity none
Lung function test Normal FEV > 80% FEV/FVC normal
A

Intermittent asthma

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10
Q

Symptoms: > 2 days a week/not daily
nighttime 3-4 times/month
SABA use: >2 days/week not daily and not more than once on any day
Effect on activity: minor limitation
Lung function test: FEV >80% of predicted value
FEV/FVC normal

A

mild persisten asthma

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11
Q

Symptoms: daily
night time awakening: once a week not nightly
SABA use: daily
Effect on activity: some limitation
Lung function: FEV > 60% but less than 80%
FEV/FVC reduced

A

moderate

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12
Q 
Symptoms: throughout the day
night time: often 7 times a week
SABA use: several times a day
Effect on function: severe limitation
lung function: FEV <60% FEV/FVC reduced
A

severe

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13
Q

What are possible co-morbidities for asthma

A
  1. Glaucoma
  2. HTN
  3. GERD
  4. DM
  5. Arthritis
  6. Neoplasm
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14
Q

Are serum IgE levels decreased or increased with patients with asthma

A

Total IgE is elevated in people with asthma which is associated with disease severity

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15
Q

Why does the color of the patients sputum change during an asthma attack

A

Eosinophil peroxidase

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16
Q

What are the causes of PNA

A
  1. Fungal
  2. Bacterial
  3. Viral
17
Q

Which breath sounds are likely to be heard while assessing for PNA?

  1. Bronchial breath sounds
  2. Egophony
  3. Bronchial breath sounds and egophony?
  4. Rales
A
  1. Bronchial breath sounds and egophony
18
Q

How is PNA caused by mycoplasma treated?

A

Macrolide antibiotics

19
Q

Pneumonic for treating mycoplasma PNA

A

Mycoplasma
Atypical
Mild symtoms
Macrolide

20
Q

What are the two main types of asthma medications?

A
  1. Controller

2. Reliever

21
Q

What are the types of controller asthma medications?

A
  1. ICS

2. Long acting beta agonist bronchodilator

22
Q

What are add on controller asthma medications?

A
  1. Anticholinergic
  2. Anti IgE
  3. Anti-IL5
  4. Systemic cortico steroids
23
Q

List asthma reliever medication names

A
  1. Short acting B2 agonist bronchodilators
  2. low-dose ICS fomoterol
  3. Short acting anticholinergics
24
Q

Which step is this?
High dose IGC + LABA+oral glucocorticoid
no alternative
SABA

A

STEP 6

25
Q

What step in asthma treatment is this?
High-dose IGC+LABA

SABA

A

Step 5

26
Q

Asthma treatment which is this?

Medium dose IGC +LABA
Alt
Medium-dose IGC+ either LTRA, theophylline or Zileuton

A

Step 4

27
Q

This is step what?

Low-dose IGC + LABA or medium dose IGC

Low-dose IGC +
either LTRA, theophylline, or Zileuton

A

Step 3

28
Q

This is what step in the asthma treatment stepwise approach?
Low dose IGC
Alt
Cromolyn, LTRA or theophylline

A

Step 2

29
Q

No daily medication needed

Saba this is step number?

A

Step 1

30
Q

Regular low dose ICS is the recommendation for what types of patients?

A

Regular low dose ICS is recommended for all patients with asthma who have symptoms more often than twice a month, waking with asthma more than once a month and any asthma symptoms plus risk factor exacerbations

31
Q

A patient with seasonal asthma, what is the ideal treatment for seasonal allergic asthma?

A

start ICS immediately upon onset of symptoms and discontinue 4 weeks after exposure ends

32
Q

When should asthma be treated with an antibiotic?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Purulent sputum
  3. evidence of pneumonia
  4. Bacterial sinusitis
33
Q

What is the purpose of peak flow in patients with

Periodic severe asthma exacerbations

A

The purpose of peak flow monitoring is to help asthma patients follow their disease and predict exacerbations , triggers and response to treatment

34
Q

Zone Green is what in the asthma chart

A
  1. PEF measurement is at least 80

Asthma (7 decks)

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