Assumptions

Question 1

Who created the cognitive approach?

Answer 1

Elizabeth loftus

Question 2

What is assumption 1 of the cognitive approach?

Answer 2

Internal mental processes

Question 3

What are internal mental processes?

Answer 3

Humans are information processors, these cognitive processes help us interpret and respond to the environment appropriately

Question 4

What are the 4 examples of internal mental processes?

Answer 4

Perception
Attention
Memory
Language
(people actually make lunch)

Question 5

Internal mental process- perception?

Answer 5

what we notice about an object or an event

Question 6

Internal mental processes- attention?

Answer 6

When we pay attention to an object

Question 7

Internal mental process- memory?

Answer 7

We search through our memory store to see if there’s a match with something we’ve already experienced or seen

Question 8

Internal mental process- language?

Answer 8

we are able to use our knowledge of language to name it

Question 9

What is assumption 2?

Answer 9

Schemas

Question 10

What are schemas?

Answer 10

-Schemas are like a mental shortcut and are like organised packs of information stored in our memory
-When we make different experiences, make links between things, interpret and react our schemas expand and allow us to get what will happen next based on experience
-Ultimately there built through experiences and interactions, so these aren’t always accurate

Question 11

Schemas- how did ‘the war of ghosts 1938’ example show us how schemas work?

Answer 11

Because of the recall of the story, we may make things up that haven’t actually happened, this is our schemas trying to fill in the gap of knowledge

Question 12

What is assumption 3?

Answer 12

The computer analogy

Question 13

What is the computer analogy?

Answer 13

Due to the cognitive process that we have (perception attention memory and language), we can compare our memory to a computers use of hardware and software

Question 14

Computer analogy- how can we compare the brain to a computer?

Answer 14

We take in information (input) then we can change it or store it (process) and then we can recall it (output)

Question 15

What is the multi store model?

Answer 15

1) we notice a new sight, smell sound, touch of taste
2) this goes through to the sensory memory
3) we give this attention and it goes into the short term memory
4) if we rehearse this it goes into our long term
5) when it’s in our long term we can retrive/recall it from there in the short term memory

Question 16

CA- Who made up the multi store model?

Answer 16

Atkinson & Shiffrin 1968

Question 17

CA- Facts about our sensory memory?

Answer 17

Its duration in 1/4 to 1/2 seconds
-This constantly receives information but no attention
-Information arrives due to the 5 senses
-Has a very large capacity but a short duration

Question 18

CA- facts about our short term memory?

Answer 18

-Duration of 18-30 seconds
-Encodes information acoustically
-Mentally repetes information
-If repetition isn’t done the information is forgotten
-Small capacity of 7-2 items

Question 19

CA- facts about the long term memory?

Answer 19

-Duration is unlimited
-Encodes semantically
-Rehearsal isn’t necessary
-Only time this disappears is when recall isn’t done and it isn’t a necessary piece of information