assorted terminology Flashcards
what is fascia?
Fascia can be defined as a mechano-metabolic structure containing connective tissue that permeates all organs, muscles, bones and nerve fibres in the human body, forming and supporting them, and providing their continuity.
https://youtu.be/T-UsSmD7miI
what and where is the popliteal fossa?
The Popliteal Fossa is a diamond-shaped space behind the knee joint.
It is formed between the muscles in the posterior compartments of the thigh and leg. This anatomical landmark is the major route by which structures pass between the thigh and leg.
It contains the;
popliteal artery
popliteal vein
tibia nerve, fibular nerve
What is a Bakers/popliteal cyst?
A Baker’s cyst (also known as a popliteal cyst) is not a true cyst but a distension of the gastrocnemius-semimembranosus bursa behind the knee.
In most cases, they appear between the tendons of the gastrocnemius and semimembranosus muscles on the medial side of the popliteal fossa, slightly distal to the central knee crease.
It is filled with the lubricating fluid that is usually found inside the knee joint, known as “synovial fluid”.
Baker’s cysts are described as primary or secondary.
Primary cysts are idiopathic and have no communication between the bursa and the knee joint. They are not associated with disease of the knee joint and are found mainly in children.
Secondary cysts are associated with underlying intra-articular knee disorders (such as osteoarthritis/meniscal tears/gout/tb) and tend to have a communication between the bursa and the rest of the knee joint that allows synovial fluid to fill the cyst. Almost all Baker’s cysts in adults are secondary cysts.
describe the shoulder planes of movement
what is plantar fasciitis
Plantar fasciitis causes inflammation and pain in your plantar fascia, which is a thick band of tissue that stretches from your heel to your toes. It supports the arch of your foot by absorbing pressure and bearing your weight. Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common causes of heel pain.
What is Myofascial pain syndrome?
Myofascial pain syndrome causes pain and tenderness in muscles in one or more “trigger points” in your body. To the touch, trigger points feel like small bumps or knots in your muscles. They are highly sensitive areas within your muscles that cause pain that you can feel in another area of your body.
what is Dupuytren’s contracture?
Dupuytren’s contracture occurs when the fascia underneath the skin of your palm and fingers thickens and tightens. This causes your fingers to curl or contract. Contracted fingers affect your ability to perform daily tasks such as clapping your hands or putting gloves on.
What is Frozen shoulder?
Frozen shoulder, also called adhesive capsulitis, is a painful condition in which your shoulder movement becomes limited. It occurs when the fascia surrounding your shoulder joint becomes thick, stiff and inflamed. Lack of use causes your shoulder to thicken and become tight, making the shoulder even more difficult to move.
Describe paresthesia
Paresthesia” is the technical term for the sensation of tingling, burning, pricking or prickling, skin-crawling, itching, “pins and needles” or numbness on or just underneath your skin. It can affect places on and throughout your body and happens without an outside cause or warning.
What is Paraphimosis?
Paraphimosis is a condition that only affects uncircumcised males. It develops when the foreskin can no longer be pulled forward over the tip of the penis.
This causes the foreskin to become swollen and stuck, which may slow or stop the flow of blood to the tip of the penis. The condition can lead to serious complications if it isn’t treated.
What are fungating tumours (ulcerating cancers)?
Fungating tumours are also known as ulcerating cancers, fungating wounds, malignant wounds or ulcerating cancer wounds.
A fungating tumour is when a tumour that is growing under the skin breaks through the skin’s surface and creates a wound. Fungating describes what the cancer might look like. They can grow in the shape of a fungus or cauliflower.
Where does volar relate to?
Palm of the hand or sole of the foot.
What does Arthralgia mean?
Arthralgia is a symptom, referring to joint pain or joint stiffness.
What is idiopathic?
No known cause.
What is Petechiae? and Purpura?
Petechiae are small purple or red spots resulting from bleeding into the skin or mucous membranes. It is normally benign but can be serious. they are between 1-2mm in size.
the same spots but larger between 2mm and 1cm are called Purpura.
They are generally non-blanching.
Describe the Meniscus
Menisci, there are two sit between the tibia and femur. They are a c-shaped pad of cartilage that acts as a shock absorber.
Meniscus tears usually happen when the upper leg is turned whilst their foot is planted and knee bent.
Label this picture of the eye
What is a subungal haematoma?
Bleeding or bruising under the nail, finger or toe nail.
What is Paronychia(whitlow)?
Paronychia is an infection of the skin just next to a nail (the nail fold). The infected nail fold looks swollen, inflamed and may be tender.
Parts of a nail
This is separate to the cuticle.
What is Carpal tunnel syndrome?
Is a condition that affects the Median nerve as it passes through the wrist.
This tunnel chooses carpals, ligaments and the median nerve. If this nerve becomes squashed it can cause pain, numbness, burning in the thumb, index and middle finger.
1 in 3 cases go without treatment, otherwise, a steroid injection, surgery or a wrist splint are options.
