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Immunology > Assignment 3 > Flashcards

Assignment 3 Flashcards

1
Q

where are eosinophils derived

A

bone marrow

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2
Q

what are eosinophils derived from

A

myeloid progenitor under the influence of IL-5

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3
Q

what secretes IL-5

A

Th2 cells, mast cells, basophils

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4
Q

what secretes CCL11

A

epithelial cells and fibroblasts

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5
Q

what role does IL-5 and CCL11 (eotaxin) play in eosinophil

A

egress (leaving of) eosinophil from the bone marrow and entry into the tissues

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6
Q

half life of eosinophil

A

8-10 hours

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7
Q

eosinophil percentage of circulating leukocyte in a healthy individual

A

2-4%

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8
Q

what does eosinophil’s expression of low affinity FcεRII (CD23) do

A

bind to IgE antibodies themselves bound to epitopes on helminths

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9
Q

define eosinophilia

A

increase in circulating blood levels of eosinophil

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10
Q

role of major basic protein (MBP) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in relation to helminths

A

they are very toxic to helminths and are host defense against it

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11
Q

what does eosinophil’s role in host defense against parasite require

A

antibodies (IgE) generated in adaptive immunity following B cell activation

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12
Q

why are macrophages not as effective as eosinophils in eliminating helminthes

A

helminths are resistant to destruction by neutrophils and macrophages

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13
Q

three disorders in which there is an increase in circulating eosinophils

A

allergic asthma, allergic dermatitis, food allergies

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14
Q

what is the immune response to helminthes

A

During inflammatory conditions with helminths, marked egress of eosinophil from bone marrow and into circulation –> eosinophilia. Eosinophil recognizes helminths indirectly by expressing FcεRII that bind to IgE antibodies themselves which are bound to epitopes on helminths. The interaction triggers degranulation of eosinophil leading to release of major basic protein (MBP) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) which are toxic to helminths.

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15
Q

basophils and mast cells arise from

A

myeloid progenitor in bone marrow

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16
Q

differentiation to basophil occurs in presence of

A

IL-3

17
Q

source of IL-3

A

activated T cells

18
Q

half life of basophils

A

2-5 days

19
Q

percentage of basophils that are circulating leukocytes in normal individual

A

less than one percent

20
Q

difference in half life of IgE that is bound to FcεR in comparison to circulating IgE

A

IgE bound to FcεR: weeks to months

circulating IgE: less than 24 hours

21
Q

two cytokines released from basophils and mast cells

A

IL-4 and IL-5

22
Q

two role of histamine in inflammation

A

histamine binds to vascular endothelium leading to translocation of P-selectin to the endothelial cell surface

increases vascular permeability

23
Q

force between FcεR and Fcε

A

noncovalent force which relies on ionic and hydrophobic bonds (reversible)

24
Q

what is necessary for cross linking and degranulation when IgE is bound to basophils and mast cells

A

IgE bound to FcεR is used for binding antigens specific for their FAB region. When two IgE molecules of same specificity are close together, antigen binding results in cross linking and degranulation of basophil and neutrophil which releases histamine and other immune mediators from the granules

25
Q

what expresses FcεR (FcεR1)

A

basophils and mast cells

26
Q

force between antigen and IgE

A

receptors bind to Fcε region of IgE antibodies irrespective of specificity (reversible)

27
Q

when are ligands C3a/4aR and C5aR released

A

following alternative pathway complement activation

28
Q

what does C3a/4aR and C5aR bind

A

C3a/4aR binds complement C3a and C4a

C5aR binds complement C5a

29
Q

when is C3a, C4a, and C5a all released

A

with activation of classical pathway of complement

30
Q

when is C3a and C5a released

A

activation of the alternative pathway

Immunology (6 decks)

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