Assignment 1 Flashcards

1
Q

role of immune system in host defense

A

provides defense against foreign antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define tolerance

A

adaptive immunity of the body distinguishing self from non-self such that it destroys non-self and not self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

consequences of loss of tolerance

A

leads to autoimmunity, a disorder in which self molecules are interpreted as foreign and hence trigger immune responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

difference between central and peripheral tolerance

A

B cells undergo central tolerance in the bone marrow and T cells undergo central tolerance in the thymus. Peripheral tolerance are tolerance induction of those that escaped tolerance induction in the bone marrow or thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

properties of antigens

A

foreign, chemically complex, molecular weight greater than 6kD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

molecules that are most immunogenic in descending order

A

proteins > polysaccharide > nucleic acids > lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

three terms that are used to refer to the component of the antigen with which receptors on immune cells interact

A

epitope, antigenic determinant, determinant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

three chemical barriers to infections

A

lysozyme, spermine, acidic pH of stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

two physical barriers to infections

A

skin and mucosal linings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

4 defining characteristics to adaptive immune system

A

exquisite specificity, lag time, memory, and adaptivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

4 defining characteristics of innate immune system

A

no exquisite specificity, no lag time, no memory, no adaptivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cells of innate immunity

A

phagocytes (macrophages and neutrophils), natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cells of adaptive immunity

A

lymphocytes (T and B cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

components of secondary lymphoid tissue

A

lymph nodes, tonsils and adenoids, spleen, and malt (mucosal associated lymphoid tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are primary lymphoid tissue

A

bone marrow and thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

role of bone marrow and thymus

A

Under the influence of the local microenvironment some of the lymphoid precursors will give rise to mature B cells, while other lymphoid precursors will leave the bone marrow and migrate to the thymus and differentiate to various T cell subsets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

role of secondary lymphoid tissue

A

major sites of adaptive immune responses - initial immune response is determined by the mode of antigen entry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what happens in the lymph nodes

A

afferent lymphatics penetrate the connective tissue that encapsulates the lymph node and empty their contents into the subcapsular sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

difference between primary and secondary follicles of lymph nodes

A

secondary have germinal centers while primary does not

20
Q

what do primary follicles contain

A

mature resting B cells

21
Q

what is in a germinal center

A

antigen activated B cells

22
Q

types of cells present in between and below follicles

A

T cells interspersed with dendritic cells

23
Q

what does the medulla contain

A

dendritic cells, macrophages, plasma cells

24
Q

what does the nodes consist of

A

outer cortex, medulla, paracortex

25
what is present in the outer cortex of the lymph node
follicles both the primary and secondary
26
tissues in spleen
white pulp and red pulp
27
predominant T cell region in spleen
white pulp
28
white pulp area surrounding the central arteries and arterioles is called
PALS - periarterial lymphatic sheath
29
predominant B cell region in spleen
primary and secondary follicles that exit as outgrowth of PALS
30
what does the marginal zone contain
macrophages and dendritic cells
31
what is a mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
unencapsulated lymphoid tissue present in regions underlying the mucosal areas
32
what is GALT
gut associated lymphoid tissue - MALT that has been well described
33
in GALT, regions where there are no goblet cells and mucus layer is sparse or absent
FAE - follicle associated epithelium
34
organized aggregates of follicles present in GALT
peyer's patches
35
site of follicles and immune cells including phagocytic cells, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes
lamina propria
36
microbes enter MALT via what type of specialized epithelial cells that is present in the mucosal luminal lining
M cells
37
what is BALT
bronchus associated lymphoid tissue - well define MALT lymphoid tissue
38
If antigen is carried via the lymphatics, the initial site of the adaptive immune response will be
lymph node
39
If antigens are blood-borne, the initial site of the adaptive immune response will be
spleen
40
if antigens enter via mucosal tissue, the initial site of the adaptive immune response will be
MALT
41
5 antibody isotypes
IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD (think GAMED) γ, α, μ, ε, δ (all start with first letter of respective antibody)
42
bifunctional molecules whose polypeptide chains define an antigen binding site and a site carries out the biological activity of the molecule
antibodies aka immunoglobulins (Igs)
43
family of proteins that facilitate elimination of microorganisms, particularly extracellular bacteria
complement
44
small peptides secreted mainly by activated leukocytes
cytokines/interleukines
45
molecules that were first identified by nature of their ability to induce leukocyte accumulation in tissue sites of inflammation
chemokines
46
molecules that attract cells to a particular region
chemoattractant