Assessment week 3 Flashcards
What are the four fundamental levels of measurement scales used to capture data using surveys and questionnaires?
- Nominal
- Ordinal
- Interval
- Ratio
What is an example of a nominal measurement scale?
- Named variables
- No qualitative value or order
- No mode or median
What is an example of an ordinal measurement scale?
- Named + ordered variables
- a list that can be placed in “first, second, third…” order
- a Likert scale; used to represent non-mathematical ideas like frequency, satisfaction, degree of pain
- in a marathon you might have first, second and third place. But if you don’t know the exact finishing times, you don’t know what the interval between first and second, or second and third is
What is an example of an interval measurement scale?
- Named + ordered + proportionate interval between variables
- temperature, time
What is an example of a ratio measurement scale?
- Named + ordered + proportionate interval between variables + can accommodate absolute zero
- Equidistant difference between variables
- weight, height, income
What is a sample in assessment?
Group selected
What is a population in assessment?
Larger group of interest
What are the three sampling methods?
- Simple random
- Stratified
- Cluster
Which sampling method gives everyone in the population an equal chance of selection?
Simple random
Which sampling method matches key demographics of population?
Stratified
Which sampling method identifies existing groups (e.g., schools, clinics, race) and randomly samples from within those groups?
Cluster
What criteria determine the relevance of a normative sample for assessing children/adolescents?
- Is the sample representative of population you want to generalize to?
- Does the sample contain enough cases (around 300)?
- Is the sample appropriately subdivided?
- How old is the normative sample?
What is a single value that attempts to describe a set of data by identifying the central position within that set of data?
Central tendency
Which measure of central tendency is equal to the sum of all the values in the data set divided by the number of values in the data set?
The mean
Which measure of central tendency is the middle score for a data set that has been arranged in order of magnitude, and which divides the data in half?
The median
Which measure of central tendency is the most frequent score in a data set?
The mode
What are the measures of validity?
- Range
- Variance
- Standard deviation
Which measure of validity measures spread from lowest to highest values in a data set?
Range
True or false: the range is affected by outliers
True
Which measure of validity is the average squared distance from the mean?
Variance
Which measure of validity is approximately the average distance of the values of a data set from the mean or the square root of the variance?
Standard deviation
What type of score is relatively meaningless because it has not been converted?
Raw score
What type of score ranges from 1-99 and conveys what percent of scores are below an individual score?
Percentile score/percentile rank
True or false: Percentile scores are equal in units
False: Percentile scores vary in units, particularly at the ends of the distribution (i.e., IQ tests)
What is an arrangement of a data set in which most values cluster in the middle of the range and the rest taper off symmetrically toward either extreme?
Normal distribution
What is a non-normal distribution with more than one common score?
Multimodal distribution
What is a non-normal distribution with most scores at the lower end of the range, with mean>median>mode?
Positively skewed distribution
What is a non-normal distribution with most scores at the higher end of the range, with mean<median<mode?
Negatively skewed distribution
What is the distribution of scores in a normal distribution?
- 68% b/t ± 1 SD
- 95% b/t ± 2 SD
- 99.5% b/t ± 3 SD
