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ncm101a lecture > Assessment Of The Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Assessment Of The Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Body’s central framework

A

Skeletal System

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2
Q

Makes up the skeletal system

A

Bones and connective tissue, including cartilage, tendons, and ligaments

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3
Q

How many bones in adult body

A

206

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4
Q

5 functions of bones

A
  1. Structure
  2. Protection
  3. Acts as levers
  4. Produce RBC’s
  5. Stores calcium
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5
Q

Organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles

A

Muscular System

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6
Q

Permits movement of the body, maintain posture, and circulates blood throughout the body

A

Muscular System

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7
Q

How many muscles in the body

A

650

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8
Q

2 functions of muscles

A
  1. Allow for movement and position
  2. Produce heat
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9
Q

Point of articulation of two bones; provides range of motion

A

Joints

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10
Q

Bone to bone

A

Ligaments

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11
Q

Connect muscle to bone

A

Tendon

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12
Q

Supports and shapes, acts as a shock absorber

A

Cartilage

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13
Q

Sacs filled with synovial fluid inside, cushion and reduces friction between joints

A

Bursae

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14
Q

Joint that permits rotation in one axis

A

Pivot

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15
Q

Supinates, pronates, rotates

A

Pivot

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16
Q

Allows movement in one axis

A

Hinge

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17
Q

Flexion, extension

A

Hinge

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18
Q

Joint that permits movement in two axes, also known as “egg and spoon joint”; with long diameter of oval and short diameter of oval serving as axes

A

Condyloid

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19
Q

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction

A

Condyloid

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20
Q

Moves across many possible axes, ex. Hip and shoulder joint

A

Ball and socket joint

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21
Q

Flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation, abduction, adduction, circumduction

A

Ball and socket joint

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22
Q

Moves across many surface, articular surface are flat and bones rides over the other in many directions (limited in many directions)

A

Plane/gliding

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23
Q

Has 2 axes like condyloid, articular surface are saddle shaped, moves in similar fashion to condyloid joint

A

Saddle joint

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24
Q

Abduction, adduction, opposition, and reposition

A

Saddle

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25
Q

Normal/abnormal findings in musculoskeletal system assessment

A
  1. Symmetry/asymmetry
  2. Skin color and appearance
  3. Rash
  4. Ulcers
  5. Lack of sweating
  6. Hair abnormalities
  7. Warmth and heat
  8. Swelling including effusions, nodules
  9. Inflammatory findings like synovial and periarticular thickening
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26
Q

Usually associated with movement
Cramping or soreness

A

Muscle pain

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27
Q

Fracture
Deep, dull, and throbbing

A

Bone pain

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28
Q

Joint pain and stiffness are worse in the morning

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

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29
Q

Joints are stiff after rest and pain is worse at the end of the day

A

Osteoarthritis

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30
Q

Migrates from muscle or to groups of muscle

A

Muscle weakness

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31
Q

Can help identify the disease process responsible for weakness

A

Known symptom patterns

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32
Q

Is usually a myopathy

A

Proximal weakness

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33
Q

Usually a neuropathy

A

Distal weakness

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34
Q

Difficulty lifting objects or combing hair

A

Proximal weakness of upper extremities

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35
Q

Difficulty with walking or crossing the knees

A

Proximal weakness of lower extremities

36
Q

Difficulty in dressing or turning the knob

A

Distal weakness of the upper extremities

37
Q

Common musculoskeletal complaint

A

Stiffness

38
Q
  • indicate a neurological problem
  • manifest as gait problems or difficulty in ADL
  • falling or losing balance
A

Balance and Coordination problems

39
Q

Irregular and uncoordinated voluntary movements

A

Ataxia

40
Q
  • a neurodegenerative genetic disorder that affects muscle coordination and leads to cognitive decline and psychiatric problems.
  • becomes noticeable in mid-adult life
  • most common genetic cause of abnormal involuntary writhing movements (chorea)
A

Huntington’s disease

41
Q

Abnormal involuntary writhing movements

A

Chorea

42
Q
  • rigid stooped posture with head leaning forward and arms, knees, and hips stiffly flexed
  • rapid, short, shuffling steps
  • cause; Parkison’s disease
A

Propulsive gait

43
Q
  • bilateral spastic paresis of legs; arms not involved
  • legs flexed at hips and knees
  • knees adduct and meet or cross like scissors
    Causes: cerebral palasy, ms, spinal cord tumors
A

Scissors gait

44
Q

Unilaterally stiff, dragging leg from leg, muscle hypertonicity

A

Spastic gait (hemiplegic)

45
Q

Abnormal gait caused by stoke, MS, brain tumor

A

Spastic gait

46
Q

Abnormal gait caused by parkinson’s disease

A

Propulsive gait

47
Q

Abnormal gait caused by cerebral palsy, MS, spinal cord tumors

A

Scissors gait

48
Q
  • duck like walk with a wide base of support, chest thrown back, exaggerated lumbar curve, and protruding abdomen
  • normal in toddlers and late sign of pregnancy
  • weak pelvic girdle muscles (gluteus medius, hip flexors, and extensors
A

Waddling gait

49
Q
  • foot drop with external rotation of the hip, and hip and knee flexion
  • foot slaps when it hits the ground
A

Steppage gait

50
Q

Abnormal gait caused by: MS, perineal muscle atrophy, or nerve damage

A

Steppage gait

51
Q

5 abnormal gaits

A
  1. Propulsive gait
  2. Scissors gait
  3. Spastic gait
  4. Waddling gate
  5. Steppage gait
52
Q

Equine, prancing, paretic, or weak

A

Steppage gait

53
Q

Normal spinal curve

A

Cervical - concave
Thoracic - convex
Lumbar- concave
Sacral - convex

54
Q

Accentuated thoracic curve

A

Kyphosis

55
Q

Dowager’s hump

A

Senile kyphosis

56
Q

Lateral “S” spinal deviation

A

Scoliosis

57
Q

Accentuated lumbar curve

A

Lordosis

58
Q
  • plantar flexion of the foot with toes bent
  • characteristic sign of certain peripheral nerve or motor neuron disorder
  • results from the weakness or paralysis of dorsiflexor muscles of the foot and ankle
  • may also stem from prolonged immobility
A

Footdrop

59
Q

Where is muscle spasm most common

A

Calf and foot

60
Q
  • strong painful contractions
  • most common in calf and foot
  • muscle fatigue, exercise, electrolyte imbalances, neuromuscular disorder, and pregnancy
A

Muscle spams (cramps)

61
Q
  • muscle wasting
  • degeneration or prolonged muscle disuse
  • occur with aging
A

Muscle atrophy

62
Q
  • crunching or grating sound you can hear or feel a joint with a rough articular surface moves
  • RA, Osteoarthritis, fracture
A

Crepitus

63
Q

Excessive muscle size

A

Unexplained muscle hypertrophy

64
Q
  • Atony
  • lack of muscle tone or stiffness
A

Flaccidity

65
Q

Weakness

A

Hypotonicity

66
Q

Involuntary twitching of muscle fibers

A

Fasciculation

67
Q

Involuntary contractions of muscles

A

Termors

68
Q

Musculoskeletal injury is described in 5ps:

A

Pain, paresthesia, paralysis, pallor, pulse

69
Q

Refers to location , severity, and quality

A

Pain

70
Q

Refers to loss of sensation

A

Paresthesia

71
Q

Inability to move maybe caused by tendon or nerve damage

A

Paralysis

72
Q

Paleness, discoloration, and coolness

A

Pallor

73
Q

Distal to the site of injury

A

Pulse

74
Q
  • autoimmune disease causing inflammation of the joints
  • swollen, stiff, tender joints
  • more common in woman
  • most serious and disabling
A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

75
Q

2 deformities in chronic RA

A
  • boutonniere deformity
  • swan neck deformity
76
Q
  • deformities and nodules of the hands
  • hereditary metabolic disorder with hyperuricemia in the joints
  • men than woman
  • controlled by medications and diet
A

Gouty Arthritis

77
Q
  • DJD (degenerative joint disease)
  • deterioration of bone cartilage in the joint, leading to pain and limited movement
  • “wear” and “tear” arthritis
A

Osteoarthritis

78
Q

Hard, painless, nodules over the distal interphalangeal joints

A

Herbenden’s nodes

79
Q

Nodes that are proximal in OR

A

Bouchard’s nodes

80
Q
  • symptom of Systemic Lupus Erymatosus
  • symptoms include, fever, joint pain, butterfly shaped rash on the face
A

Lupus Arthritis

81
Q
  • type of arthritis that affects some people with the skin condition psoriasis
  • causes affected joints to become swollen, stiff, and painful
A

Psoriatic Arthritis

82
Q
  • often on the medial side, may present laterally deviate great toe with overlapping of the second toe
A

Hallux valgus

83
Q

Enlarged painful, inflamed bursa

A

Bunion

84
Q

Hyperextension of the metatarsophalangeal joint

A

Hammer toe

85
Q

Painfully thickened skin over bony prominences and pressure points

A

Corns

86
Q

Painless thickened skin over pressure points

A

Callus

87
Q

Round, enlarged, fluid filled cyst (dorsal side of the wrist)

Non tender but maybe painful near tendon sheath

A

Ganglion

ncm101a lecture (5 decks)

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