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Central Nervous system > Assessment of Nervous System > Flashcards

Assessment of Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Neuroglial Cells

A

Nerve glue, support the neurons
of the CNS
5-10 more numerous than neurons
5 Types

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2
Q

Astrocytes

A

Fill spaces between neurons and surround blood vessels’
Provides physical support,
nourishes, and regulates
chemical environment

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3
Q

Oligodendroglia

oligodendrocytes

A

Formation of myelin w/in the CNS
(around axons)
(counterparts of schwann cells
in PNS)

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4
Q

Mircroglia

A

monouclear cells from bone marrow
Responsible for removing debris
(phagocytosis) in the CNS
Respond to infection

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5
Q

Ependymal cells

A

Line CSF filled cavities (the ventricles and
choroid plexus) of CNS
Also part of the blood brain barrier & aid
in regulating composition of CSF

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6
Q

Saltatory Conduction

A

The flow of ions between segments of myelin
rather than along the entire length of axon
(hopping)

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7
Q

CNS

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

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8
Q

PNS

A

A) autonomic nervous system
a) Parasympathetic
b) Sympathetic
B) cranial nerves

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9
Q

Synapse

A 
Junction between neurons which
impulses travel
must have:
* stimulus
*action potential
*calcium gates opening
*neurotransmitters
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10
Q

Acetylcholine

A 
In the central nervous system,
 acetylcholine acts as part of a neurotransmitter system and
 plays a role in attention and 
arousal. In the peripheral
 nervous system, this 
neurotransmitter
 is a major part of the autonomic 
nervous system and works for good nerve 
and muscle transmission
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11
Q

cholinesterase

A

Inhibits acetylcholine

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12
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Alpha adrenergic receptors
beta adrenergic receptors
B1 - Heart
B2 - lungs, atreries, liver and uterus

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13
Q

Dopamine

A

Inhibitory or excitatory
helps control fine movement and emotions
a problem in Parkinsons
assoc. with eating, drinking behavior and sexual behavior

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14
Q

Gaba

A

amino acid, more of an inhibitory neurotransmittor

things like ativan work with gaba to relax

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15
Q

Serotonin

A

Usually inhibitory

controls sleep, hunger, behavior and affects consciousness

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16
Q

effect of acidosis on synaptic transmission

A

depresses neuronal activity

Ph from 7.4 to 7.0 induces coma

17
Q

Effect of alkalosis n synaptic transmission

A

Increases neuronal excitability

Ph from 7.0 to 8.0 usually induces seizures

18
Q

Effect of hypoxia on synaptic transmission

A

Brain is highly dependent on O2

Interruption of brain blood flow from 3-7 seconds can lead to unconsciousness

19
Q

meninges

A 
surrounds brain and extends down to sacrum
three layers
dura- tough layer attaches to scull
arachnoid- fine layer 
pia mater- delicate layer
20
Q

Circle of Willis

A 
Located beneath the brain about the level of the pons
anterior communicating artery &
posterior communicating artery
anterior cerebral artery &
posterior cerebral artery
21
Q

Different lobes of brain

A 
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Cerebellum
Temporal Lobe
22
Q

Frontal Lobe Functions

A

Controls Movements of voluntary muscles

injury to this affects personality and social behavior

23
Q

Parietal Lobe Functions

A

Pain, coldness & touch

24
Q

Occipital Lobe Functions

A

Receives & interprets visual stimuli

25
Q

Temporal Lobe Functions

A

Receives interprets olfactory and visual stimuli
Contains auditory processing to understand spoken words
Contains the hippocampus, important for new memory formation

26
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

made up of several structures, one in particular is the SUBSTANTIA NIGRA
regulates and controls influences on motor integration, suppressing muscle tone
influences postural reflexes( a major extrapyramidal motor system)

27
Q

Thalamus

A

relay station for sensory and motor , to and from cerebral cortex

28
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulates temp, H2O, Metabolism, appetite, emotional expression, sleep-wake cycle and thirst

29
Q

Epithalamus

A

Growth and development

30
Q

Brain Stem Contains:

A

Midbrain - Upper portion- cranial nerves 3-4
Pons - Between midbrain and medulla - cranial nerves - 5,6,7,8
Medulla - controls cardiac, vasomotor, RR-centers
Most all cranial nerves arise from the brain stem-

31
Q

Cerebellum

A

Balance
(ballerina)
located below the occipital lobes

Central Nervous system (6 decks)

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