Assessment Findings: Fluid volume deficit or excess Flashcards
Fluid volume deficit
Cardiovascular symptoms
Thready, increased pulse rate Decreased blood pressure Orthostatic (postural) hypotension Flat neck and hand veins in dependent positions Diminished peripheral pulses Decreased central venous pressure Dysrhythmias (irregular heart rate)
Fluid volume deficit
Respiratory symptoms
Increased rate and depth of respirations
Dyspnea (difficult or labored breathing)
Fluid volume deficit
Neuromuscular symptoms
Decreased central nervous system activity, from lethargy to coma
Fever, depending on the amount of fluid loss
Skeletal muscle weakness
Fluid volume deficit
Renal symptoms
Decreased urine output
Fluid volume deficit
Integumentary symptoms
Dry skin
Poor turgor, tenting
Dry mouth
Fluid volume deficit
Gastrointestinal symptoms
Decreased motility and diminished bowel sounds
Constipation
Thirst
Decreased body weight
Fluid volume deficit
Laboratory findings
Increased serum osmolality Increased hematocrit Increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level Increased serum sodium level Increased urinary specific gravity
Fluid volume excess
Cardiovascular symptoms
Bounding, increased pulse rate Elevated blood pressure Distended neck and hand veins Elevated central venous pressure Dysrhythmias
Fluid volume excess
Respiratory symptoms
Increased respiratory rate (shallow respirations)
Dyspnea
Moist crackles on auscultation
Fluid volume excess
Neuromuscular symptoms
Altered level of consciousness Headache Visual disturbances Skeletal muscle weakness Parenthesias (pin and needles, tingling)
Fluid volume excess
Renal symptoms
Increased urine output if kidneys can compensate
Decreased urine output if kidney damage is the cause of fluid excess
Fluid volume excess
Integumentary symptoms
Pitting edema in dependent areas
Pale, cool skin
Fluid volume excess
Gastrointestinal symptoms
Increased motility in the gastrointestinal tract Diarrhea Increased body weight Liver enlargement Ascites
Fluid volume excess
Laboratory findings
Decreased serum osmolality Decreased hematocrit Decreased BUN level Decreased serum sodium Decreased urine specific gravity
