Assessment and Diagnosis Flashcards
Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder)
Conversion disorder is characterized by a sudden loss of neurological function, usually in the context of a severe stressor. Specific characteristics of conversion disorder include the following: One or more symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function, e.g., inability to walk, sudden blindness. The symptom is not explained by a neurological or medical condition. Common conversion symptoms include pseudoseizure, paralysis, and becoming mute.
Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Acute Stress Disorder
Intellectual Disability
a disorder that begins during the developmental period. It is characterized by deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive functioning.
Bipolar and Related Disorders
Bipolar Disorder Hypomania Cyclothymia
Stage 7: Very severe cognitive decline
In the final stage of Alzheimer’s, individuals lose the ability to respond to their environment, to carry on a conversation and, eventually, to control movement.At this stage, individuals need help with much of their daily personal care, including eating or using the bathroom. They may also lose the ability to smile, to sit without support and to hold their heads up. Reflexes become abnormal. Muscles grow rigid. Swallowing is impaired.
Schizoaffective Disorder
A major mood episode must be present at the same time as the active-phase symptoms of schizophrenia Major depressive or manic Preceded or followed by at least 2 weeks of delusions or hallucinations without prominent mood symptoms
Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease
Stage 1: No impairment (normal functioning) Stage 2: Very mild cognitive decline Stage 3: Mild cognitive decline (early-stage Alzheimer’s can be diagnosed in some, but not all, individuals with these symptoms) Stage 4: Moderate cognitive decline(Mild or early-stage Alzheimer’s disease) Stage 5: Moderately severe cognitive decline (Moderate or mid-stage Alzheimer’s disease) Stage Six: Severe cognitive decline Stage 7: Very severe cognitive decline
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
a serious condition in which a person usually has few to no intimate relationships. These people tend to turn inward rather than interact with others and experience extreme anxiety in social situations. People with this disorder often have trouble engaging with others and appear emotionally distant. They find their social isolation painful and eventually develop distorted perceptions about how interpersonal relationships form. They may also exhibit odd behaviors, respond inappropriately to social cues, and hold peculiar beliefs
Schizoid Personality Disorder
a condition in which people avoid social activities and consistently shy away from interaction with others. People with the disorder are generally loners with a profound inability to connect with others and form personal relationships. To others, people with this disorder may appear aloof and dull, and they’re often ignored in social settings. People with this disorder show a flattened or restricted range of emotions and can appear indifferent to what’s going on around them. However, their inner life can be rife with a deep emotional need, sensitivity, and confusion about the world around them.
symptoms of OCD
Fear of being contaminated by shaking hands or by touching objects others have touched Doubts that you’ve locked the door or turned off the stove Thoughts that you’ve hurt someone in a traffic accident Intense distress when objects aren’t orderly or facing the right way Images of hurting your child Impulses to shout obscenities in inappropriate situations Avoidance of situations that can trigger obsessions, such as shaking hands Replaying pornographic images in your mind Dermatitis because of frequent hand washing Skin lesions because of picking at your skin Hair loss or bald spots because of hair pulling
Depressive Disorders
Major Depressive Disorder Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
Schizophrenia: Positive Symptoms
Thought broadcasting Delusions Ideas of reference Ideas of persecution Delusions of grandeur Hallucinations (auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, tactile) Paranoia
Feeding and Eating Disorders
Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Binge-Eating Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder
characterized by the presence of 5 or more of the following symptoms during the same 2-week period. At least one of the symptoms is either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in activities. The person’s symptoms cause distress or difficulty in functioning at home, work, or other important areas (social, occupational, recreational). The person’s symptoms are not caused by substance use (e.g., alcohol, drugs, medication) or a medical disorder.
Borderline Personality Disorder
Relationships with others are intense and unstable. They swing wildly from love to hate and back again. People with this will frantically try to avoid real or imagined abandonment. patients may also be uncertain about their identity or self-image. They tend to see things in terms of extremes, either all good or all bad. They also typically view themselves as victims of circumstance and take little responsibility for themselves or their problems. Other symptoms include: Feelings of emptiness and boredom Frequent displays of inappropriate anger Impulsiveness with money, substance abuse, sexual relationships, binge eating, or shoplifting Intolerance of being alone Recurrent acts of crisis such as overdosing or self-injury (such as cutting) Manipulating boundaries
Substances
Alcohol Caffeine Cannabis Hallucinogens Inhalants Opioids Sedatives, hypnotics, or anxiolytics Stimulants Tobacco Other (or unknown)
Bipolar Disorder
Formerly referred to as “manic depression,” this disorder is characterized by the presence of manic episodes in addition to depression
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
a condition in which there is an inflated sense of self-importance and an extreme preoccupation with one’s self.
Inattention Symptoms of ADHD
Fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play Does not seem to listen when spoken to directly Does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace Difficulty organizing tasks and activities Avoids or dislikes tasks that require sustained mental effort (such as schoolwork) Often loses toys, assignments, pencils, books, or tools needed for tasks or activities Easily distracted Often forgetful in daily activities
Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder
Depressed mood Loss of interest or pleasure in activities Significant weight loss or weight gain. Decrease or increase in appetite. Insomnia or hypersomnia Psychomotor agitation or retardation Fatigue or loss of energy Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt Diminished ability to think or concentrate. Indecisiveness. Recurrent thoughts of death. Suicidal ideation or a suicide attempt.
Stage 5: Moderately severe cognitive decline(Moderate or mid-stage Alzheimer’s disease)
Gaps in memory and thinking are noticeable, and clients begin to need help with day-to-day activities. At this stage, clients may: Be unable to recall their own address or telephone number Become confused about orientation (place, time, person, situation) Need help choosing proper clothing for the season or the occasion Still remember significant details about themselves and their family Still require no assistance with eating or using the bathroom
symptoms of PTSD
frightening thoughts and memories associated with the trauma, nightmares, flashbacks, avoiding situations reminiscent of the trauma, psychic numbing, negative alterations in thoughts or mood, angry outbursts, reckless behavior, problems sleeping, and hypervigilance. Flashbacks can be triggered by smells, sights, or sounds. Auditory hallucinations and paranoia are present in more severe cases
Schizophreniform Disorder
Two of more of the following symptoms must be present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated). At least one of these symptoms must be (1), (2), or (3): Delusions Hallucinations Disorganized speech Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior Negative symptoms Symptoms are present for more than 1 month but less than 6 months.
Encopresis
poop
Symptoms of Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Reacts to criticism with rage, shame, or humiliation Takes advantage of other people to achieve his or her own goals Has feelings of self-importance Exaggerates achievements and talents Is preoccupied with fantasies of success, power, beauty, intelligence, or ideal love Has unreasonable expectations of favorable treatment Requires constant attention and admiration Disregards the feelings of others, lacks empathy Has obsessive self-interest Pursues mainly selfish goals
Personality Disorders
Histrionic Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder Narcissistic Personality Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Antisocial Personality Disorder Conduct Disorder Oppositional Defiant Disorder Schizotypal Personality Disorder Schizoid Personality Disorder Paranoid Personality Disorder Dependent Personality Disorder
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
Schizophreniform Disorder Schizophrenia Schizoaffective Disorder
Hoarding Disorder
characterized by persistent difficulty parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value. This difficulty is due to a perceived need to save the items and distress associated with discarding them. This results in the accumulation of possessions that clutter active living areas. The clutter makes these living areas largely unusable. behavior must represent a long-standing difficulty, as opposed to the result of a transient life circumstance, such as inheriting a cluttered property.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
indicated by a pattern of pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others, such as their motives are interpreted as malevolent. Events and actions of others are interpreted in the most negative light possible, and convictions of others’ hostility are based on little or not objective evidence.
Symptoms of GAD
Excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation) about a number of events or activities. The anxiety is out of proportion to the situation most of the time. Difficulty controlling worry Difficulty concentrating Fatigue Irritability Muscle tension – shakiness, headaches Restlessness or feeling keyed up or “on the edge” Sleep disturbance (difficulty falling or staying asleep; or restless, unsatisfying sleep)
Compulsions
repetitive behaviors that you feel driven to perform. These repetitive behaviors are meant to prevent or reduce anxiety or distress related to your obsessions. For instance, if you believe you ran over someone in your car, you may return to the apparent scene over and over because you just can’t shake your doubts. You may also make up rules or rituals to follow that help control the anxiety you feel when having obsessive thoughts.
symptoms of bulimia nervosa
Recurrent episodes of binge eating during which the individual feels a lack of control Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting Self-evaluation that is overly influenced by body weight and shape *The binge eating and compensatory behaviors must occur at least once a week for 3 months
