assessment 4 pt 3

Question 1

What type of teeth do horses have?

Answer 1

hypsodont

Question 2

How many teeth does a newborn foal possess?

Answer 2

zero

Question 3

How many teeth does an adult horse possess?

Answer 3

36-42

Question 4

What are wolf teeth? Does every horse possess wolf teeth?

Answer 4

1st premolar; no

Question 5

What are the cheek teeth?

Answer 5

premolars and molars

Question 6

What gender has canine teeth? Where are they found?

Answer 6

stallions; in bars

Question 7

What are caps? Why are they a problem? How are they treated?

Answer 7

retained baby teeth; they cause discomfort; removed

Question 8

How can wolf teeth cause problems? How are they treated?

Answer 8

they get in the way of the bit; removed

Question 9

Where do dental occlusions or “points” occur on upper cheek teeth? Lower cheek teeth?

Answer 9

on the outside; inside

Question 10

What is a dental float? What two types of instrument/equipment is used? What sedatives/tranquilizers are commonly used?

Answer 10

it files down teeth; motorized or handheld; xylazine, butorphanol, dexmedetomidine

Question 11

What does RAO stand for? What are other terms used?

Answer 11

recurrent airway obstruction; heaves

Question 12

pathogenesis of RAO

Answer 12

allergens cause bronchi to create mucus and become inflamed

Question 13

causes of RAO

Answer 13

dust, moldy hay, mold, grass pollen

Question 14

clinical signs of RAO

Answer 14

coughing, abnormal breathing sounds, enlarged and overused abdominal muscles

Question 15

How is RAO diagnosed?

Answer 15

endoscopy or bronchoscopy

Question 16

medical treatment of RAO

Answer 16

remove allergens and provide steroids

Question 17

environmental management of RAO

Answer 17

clean, well-ventilated environment

Question 18

other name for Equine Cushing’s Disease

Answer 18

equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction

Question 19

What causes Equine Cushing’s Disease?

Answer 19

tumor on pituitary gland causes an increase in ACTH which then increases cortisol produced by adrenal gland

Question 20

clinical signs of Equine Cushing’s Disease

Answer 20

• hirsutism
• abnormal fat deposit on neck

Question 21

hirsutism

Answer 21

long curly hair coats that don’t shed

Question 22

tests used to diagnose Equine Cushing’s Disease

Answer 22

no single test is 100% diagnostic
low dose dexamethasone suppression test
- can cause laminitis

Question 23

What medication is used to treat Equine Cushing’s Disease? What other treatment can be
implemented?

Answer 23

pergolide (prascend); good nutrition

Question 24

What is another name for Equine Metabolic Syndrome?

Answer 24

peripheral cushings

Question 25

How does EMS differ from Equine Cushing’s Disease

Answer 25

no hirsutism and occurs in younger horses

Question 26

clinical signs of Equine Metabolic Syndrome

Answer 26

abnormal fat deposits, overweight, chronic laminitis

Question 27

How is Equine Metabolic Syndrome diagnosed?

Answer 27

physical exam and lab tests

Question 28

How is Equine Metabolic Syndrome treated?

Answer 28

low carb diet and manage symptoms

Question 29

colic. Is it a specific disease? Is it an emergency?

Answer 29

stomach ache; no; yes

Question 30

Why is the equine GI tract prone to disease?

Answer 30

the length of it

Question 31

cecum in a horse

Answer 31

its 4 feet in length and prone to impaction

Question 32

small colon abnormalities

Answer 32

not prone to colic

Question 33

small intestinal abnormalities

Answer 33

prone to displacement or volvulus

Question 34

large colon abnormalities

Answer 34

prone to impaction and twist

Question 35

cecum abnormalities

Answer 35

prone to impaction

Question 36

What is gas colic? List possible causes

Answer 36

excess gas in intestional tract; fermentation, poor diet, endoparasites

Question 37

What is impaction colic? List possible causes

Answer 37

blockage in cecum; decreased water consumption due to changes in weather

Question 38

What is spasmodic colic? List possible causes

Answer 38

muscles of intestinal tract spasm; stress

Question 39

What is displacement colic? What are sequela of a displacement?

Answer 39

small intestine is twisted by either torsion or volvulus caused by hernia, entrapment, intussusception; caused by pre-existing injury

Question 40

Epiploic foramen entrapment

Answer 40

small intestine become trapped in opening in liver

Question 41

Nephrosplenic entrapment

Answer 41

large colon is trapped between kidney and spleen

Question 42

Intussusception

Answer 42

telescoping or sliding of intestine within itself

Question 43

Volvulus

Answer 43

twisting of the intestine on itself; 360-720 twist

Question 44

Torsion

Answer 44

intestine twists; 180-360 twist

Question 45

intestinal obstruction. Give possible causes

Answer 45

Complete blockage of movement of ingesta through intestinal tract; impaction, displacement, endoparasites

Question 46

List clinical signs of colic. Which types of colic tend to cause more severe signs?

Answer 46

kicking, rolling, kicking at abdomen, dog sitting could be anything; displacements

Question 47

What important questions must be asked when diagnosing a horse with colic?

Answer 47

will this case respond to medical treatment or need surgery?

Question 48

Discuss the areas of importance when performing a physical exam on a horse with colic

Answer 48

flank and abdomen

Question 49

What is the normal HR for a horse? What does a HR > 60 bpm tell us? HR> 80 bpm?

Answer 49

28-44; concerned; candidate for surgery due to shock

Question 50

How is nasogastric intubation used in diagnosing a colic?

Answer 50

we can identify fluid build up

Question 51

How is rectal palpation used in diagnosing a colic?

Answer 51

palpate intestines

Question 52

What is a peritoneal tap? What can it tell us?

Answer 52

sterilely evaluate abdominal fluid

Question 53

medical treatments used in colic

Answer 53

walking the horse, NSAIDS, nasogastric intubation

Question 54

surgical treatments used in colic

Answer 54

exploratory laparotomy