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vtt 213 - animal management > assessment 4 pt 3 > Flashcards

assessment 4 pt 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of teeth do horses have?

A

hypsodont

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2
Q

How many teeth does a newborn foal possess?

A

zero

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3
Q

How many teeth does an adult horse possess?

A

36-42

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4
Q

What are wolf teeth? Does every horse possess wolf teeth?

A

1st premolar; no

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5
Q

What are the cheek teeth?

A

premolars and molars

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6
Q

What gender has canine teeth? Where are they found?

A

stallions; in bars

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7
Q

What are caps? Why are they a problem? How are they treated?

A

retained baby teeth; they cause discomfort; removed

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8
Q

How can wolf teeth cause problems? How are they treated?

A

they get in the way of the bit; removed

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9
Q

Where do dental occlusions or “points” occur on upper cheek teeth? Lower cheek teeth?

A

on the outside; inside

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10
Q

What is a dental float? What two types of instrument/equipment is used? What sedatives/tranquilizers are commonly used?

A

it files down teeth; motorized or handheld; xylazine, butorphanol, dexmedetomidine

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11
Q

What does RAO stand for? What are other terms used?

A

recurrent airway obstruction; heaves

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12
Q

pathogenesis of RAO

A

allergens cause bronchi to create mucus and become inflamed

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13
Q

causes of RAO

A

dust, moldy hay, mold, grass pollen

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14
Q

clinical signs of RAO

A

coughing, abnormal breathing sounds, enlarged and overused abdominal muscles

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15
Q

How is RAO diagnosed?

A

endoscopy or bronchoscopy

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16
Q

medical treatment of RAO

A

remove allergens and provide steroids

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17
Q

environmental management of RAO

A

clean, well-ventilated environment

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18
Q

other name for Equine Cushing’s Disease

A

equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction

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19
Q

What causes Equine Cushing’s Disease?

A

tumor on pituitary gland causes an increase in ACTH which then increases cortisol produced by adrenal gland

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20
Q

clinical signs of Equine Cushing’s Disease

A
  • hirsutism
  • abnormal fat deposit on neck
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21
Q

hirsutism

A

long curly hair coats that don’t shed

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22
Q

tests used to diagnose Equine Cushing’s Disease

A

no single test is 100% diagnostic
low dose dexamethasone suppression test
- can cause laminitis

23
Q

What medication is used to treat Equine Cushing’s Disease? What other treatment can be
implemented?

A

pergolide (prascend); good nutrition

24
Q

What is another name for Equine Metabolic Syndrome?

A

peripheral cushings

25
Q

How does EMS differ from Equine Cushing’s Disease

A

no hirsutism and occurs in younger horses

26
Q

clinical signs of Equine Metabolic Syndrome

A

abnormal fat deposits, overweight, chronic laminitis

27
Q

How is Equine Metabolic Syndrome diagnosed?

A

physical exam and lab tests

28
Q

How is Equine Metabolic Syndrome treated?

A

low carb diet and manage symptoms

29
Q

colic. Is it a specific disease? Is it an emergency?

A

stomach ache; no; yes

30
Q

Why is the equine GI tract prone to disease?

A

the length of it

31
Q

cecum in a horse

A

its 4 feet in length and prone to impaction

32
Q

small colon abnormalities

A

not prone to colic

33
Q

small intestinal abnormalities

A

prone to displacement or volvulus

34
Q

large colon abnormalities

A

prone to impaction and twist

35
Q

cecum abnormalities

A

prone to impaction

36
Q

What is gas colic? List possible causes

A

excess gas in intestional tract; fermentation, poor diet, endoparasites

37
Q

What is impaction colic? List possible causes

A

blockage in cecum; decreased water consumption due to changes in weather

38
Q

What is spasmodic colic? List possible causes

A

muscles of intestinal tract spasm; stress

39
Q

What is displacement colic? What are sequela of a displacement?

A

small intestine is twisted by either torsion or volvulus caused by hernia, entrapment, intussusception; caused by pre-existing injury

40
Q

Epiploic foramen entrapment

A

small intestine become trapped in opening in liver

41
Q

Nephrosplenic entrapment

A

large colon is trapped between kidney and spleen

42
Q

Intussusception

A

telescoping or sliding of intestine within itself

43
Q

Volvulus

A

twisting of the intestine on itself; 360-720 twist

44
Q

Torsion

A

intestine twists; 180-360 twist

45
Q

intestinal obstruction. Give possible causes

A

Complete blockage of movement of ingesta through intestinal tract; impaction, displacement, endoparasites

46
Q

List clinical signs of colic. Which types of colic tend to cause more severe signs?

A

kicking, rolling, kicking at abdomen, dog sitting
could be anything; displacements

47
Q

What important questions must be asked when diagnosing a horse with colic?

A

will this case respond to medical treatment or need surgery?

48
Q

Discuss the areas of importance when performing a physical exam on a horse with colic

A

flank and abdomen

49
Q

What is the normal HR for a horse? What does a HR > 60 bpm tell us? HR> 80 bpm?

A

28-44; concerned; candidate for surgery due to shock

50
Q

How is nasogastric intubation used in diagnosing a colic?

A

we can identify fluid build up

51
Q

How is rectal palpation used in diagnosing a colic?

A

palpate intestines

52
Q

What is a peritoneal tap? What can it tell us?

A

sterilely evaluate abdominal fluid

53
Q

medical treatments used in colic

A

walking the horse, NSAIDS, nasogastric intubation

54
Q

surgical treatments used in colic

A

exploratory laparotomy

vtt 213 - animal management (4 decks)

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