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vtt 213 - animal management > assessment 4 pt 1 > Flashcards

assessment 4 pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

encephalomyelitis

A

inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

4 major viral diseases that cause equine encephalomyelitis

A

EEE
WEE
VEE
West Nile virus

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3
Q

EEE

A

Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis

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4
Q

WEE

A

Western Equine Encephalomyelitis

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5
Q

VEE

A

Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis

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6
Q

main reservoir for these major encephalitides

A

birds

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7
Q

how are they transmitted

A

mosquito bites or bird that is infected and then bites horse

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8
Q

treatment of equine encephalomyelitis

A
  • supportive care
  • if horse can’t rise, treatment is difficult
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9
Q

What type of virus causes WNV

A

Flavivirus

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10
Q

What kind of hosts are humans and horses for WNV

A

dead end host; cannot spread the disease any further

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11
Q

how WNV is transmitted to bird, horses and humans

A

mosquitos

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12
Q

Which clinical sign is seen more commonly with WNV

A

muscle tremors of muzzle and face

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13
Q

Are EEE, WEE, VEE, and WNV preventable

A

yes; vaccines annually

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14
Q

steps used to reduce mosquitoes

A
  • eliminate standing water
  • mosquito repellent
  • avoid having lights on at night
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15
Q

equine biosecurity measures

A
  • any sign of a contagious respiratory disease should be quarantined
  • new horses should be quarantined
  • don’t share infected objects between horses
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16
Q

latency; why it’s an issue

A

the virus can remain unactive and become activated during periods of stress; they can spread it without knowing

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17
Q

EHV

A

Equine Herpes Virus

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18
Q

2 most common types of EHV

A

EHV 1 and 4

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19
Q

What form/type of EHV is responsible for the neurologic form

A

EHV 1

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20
Q

methods of transmission for EHV

A

direct or indirect
transplacental

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21
Q

4 organs systems can be affected by EHV

A

brain
lungs
liver
(reproductive) unborn fetus

22
Q

treatment for EHV

A

supportive care

23
Q

how often should exposed horses have their temperature taken? When should an exposed horse be tested? How long should an exposed horse be isolated?

A

BID; when they have a fever; 14-21 days

24
Q

EIV

A

equine influenza

25
Is EIV distinguishable from EHV and EVA based on clinical signs
no - use nasal swab test
26
What causes strangles
Streptococcus equi
27
How is strangles transmitted? How long can the causative agent last in the environment
direct or indirect and flies; 6-8 wks
28
How does the causative agent invade the horse
attacks lymph nodes
29
What are the clinical signs of strangles
- fever - mucopurulent nasal discharge - abscessation - swelling of submandibular lymph nodes
30
guttural pouch
an air-filed diverticulum of the auditory tube
31
2 sequelae to strangles
guttural pouch infection and chondroid formation
32
strangles treatment
antibiotics and isolation
33
When are horses recovering from strangles considered NOT contagious
3 negative swabs
34
what causes EVA
equine viral arteritis virus
35
how is EVA transmitted
stallions during breeding
36
clinical signs of EVA
no symptoms
37
What type of vaccine is available for EVA
modified live
38
Why should breeding stallions be tested before vaccination? When should breeding mares be vaccinated?
they will always test positive if vaccinated while positive; 3 weeks prior to breeding
39
PHF
Potomac Horse Fever
40
What is the organism that causes PHF
Neorickettsia risticii
41
How is PHF transmitted? Can horses transmit PHF to other horses
bacteria lives in flukes in water which are then eaten by snails which are then eaten by the horse - or the horse directly ingests fluke; they cannot transmit it horse to horse
42
clinical signs of PHF
GI symptoms including diarrhea
43
treatment for PHF
treated with Oxytetracycline
44
EIA
Equine Infectious Anemia
45
what causes EIA
retrovirus (swamp fever)
46
How is EIA transmitted
mosquitoes or by sharing blood contaminated needles and instruments
47
How is EIA diagnosed
coggins (AGID) test and elisa test
48
What are the USDA requirements regarding EIA
all horses being imported must have a negative coggins test
49
What are Illinois requirements regarding EIA
all horses being used for equine events, sold, loaned, leased, or traded need to have a negative coggins test within 1 year
50
What happens to a horse if it tests positive for EIA
it must be euthanized or permanently quarantined in an approved facility

vtt 213 - animal management (4 decks)

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