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vtt 213 - animal management > assessment 4 pt 1 > Flashcards

assessment 4 pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

encephalomyelitis

A

inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

4 major viral diseases that cause equine encephalomyelitis

A

EEE
WEE
VEE
West Nile virus

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3
Q

EEE

A

Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis

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4
Q

WEE

A

Western Equine Encephalomyelitis

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5
Q

VEE

A

Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis

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6
Q

main reservoir for these major encephalitides

A

birds

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7
Q

how are they transmitted

A

mosquito bites or bird that is infected and then bites horse

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8
Q

treatment of equine encephalomyelitis

A
  • supportive care
  • if horse can’t rise, treatment is difficult
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9
Q

What type of virus causes WNV

A

Flavivirus

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10
Q

What kind of hosts are humans and horses for WNV

A

dead end host; cannot spread the disease any further

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11
Q

how WNV is transmitted to bird, horses and humans

A

mosquitos

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12
Q

Which clinical sign is seen more commonly with WNV

A

muscle tremors of muzzle and face

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13
Q

Are EEE, WEE, VEE, and WNV preventable

A

yes; vaccines annually

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14
Q

steps used to reduce mosquitoes

A
  • eliminate standing water
  • mosquito repellent
  • avoid having lights on at night
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15
Q

equine biosecurity measures

A
  • any sign of a contagious respiratory disease should be quarantined
  • new horses should be quarantined
  • don’t share infected objects between horses
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16
Q

latency; why it’s an issue

A

the virus can remain unactive and become activated during periods of stress; they can spread it without knowing

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17
Q

EHV

A

Equine Herpes Virus

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18
Q

2 most common types of EHV

A

EHV 1 and 4

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19
Q

What form/type of EHV is responsible for the neurologic form

A

EHV 1

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20
Q

methods of transmission for EHV

A

direct or indirect
transplacental

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21
Q

4 organs systems can be affected by EHV

A

brain
lungs
liver
(reproductive) unborn fetus

22
Q

treatment for EHV

A

supportive care

23
Q

how often should exposed horses have their temperature taken? When should an exposed horse be tested? How long should an exposed horse be isolated?

A

BID; when they have a fever; 14-21 days

24
Q

EIV

A

equine influenza

25
Q

Is EIV distinguishable from EHV and EVA based on clinical signs

A

no - use nasal swab test

26
Q

What causes strangles

A

Streptococcus equi

27
Q

How is strangles transmitted? How long can the causative agent last in the environment

A

direct or indirect and flies; 6-8 wks

28
Q

How does the causative agent invade the horse

A

attacks lymph nodes

29
Q

What are the clinical signs of strangles

A
  • fever
  • mucopurulent nasal discharge
  • abscessation
  • swelling of submandibular lymph nodes
30
Q

guttural pouch

A

an air-filed diverticulum of the auditory tube

31
Q

2 sequelae to strangles

A

guttural pouch infection and chondroid formation

32
Q

strangles treatment

A

antibiotics and isolation

33
Q

When are horses recovering from strangles considered NOT contagious

A

3 negative swabs

34
Q

what causes EVA

A

equine viral arteritis virus

35
Q

how is EVA transmitted

A

stallions during breeding

36
Q

clinical signs of EVA

A

no symptoms

37
Q

What type of vaccine is available for EVA

A

modified live

38
Q

Why should breeding stallions be tested before vaccination? When should breeding mares be vaccinated?

A

they will always test positive if vaccinated while positive; 3 weeks prior to breeding

39
Q

PHF

A

Potomac Horse Fever

40
Q

What is the organism that causes PHF

A

Neorickettsia risticii

41
Q

How is PHF transmitted? Can horses transmit PHF to other horses

A

bacteria lives in flukes in water which are then eaten by snails which are then eaten by the horse - or the horse directly ingests fluke; they cannot transmit it horse to horse

42
Q

clinical signs of PHF

A

GI symptoms including diarrhea

43
Q

treatment for PHF

A

treated with Oxytetracycline

44
Q

EIA

A

Equine Infectious Anemia

45
Q

what causes EIA

A

retrovirus (swamp fever)

46
Q

How is EIA transmitted

A

mosquitoes or by sharing blood contaminated needles and instruments

47
Q

How is EIA diagnosed

A

coggins (AGID) test and elisa test

48
Q

What are the USDA requirements regarding EIA

A

all horses being imported must have a negative coggins test

49
Q

What are Illinois requirements regarding EIA

A

all horses being used for equine events, sold, loaned, leased, or traded need to have a negative coggins test within 1 year

50
Q

What happens to a horse if it tests positive for EIA

A

it must be euthanized or permanently quarantined in an approved facility

vtt 213 - animal management (4 decks)

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