assessment 4 pt 2

Question 1

What causes tetanus

Answer 1

Clostridium tetani also called lockjaw

Question 2

tetanus clinical signs

Answer 2

lockjaw, muscle paralysis and spasms

Question 3

tetanus treatment

Answer 3

tetanus antitoxin

Question 4

difference between tetanus antitoxin and tetanus toxoid

Answer 4

antitoxin kills it while the toxoid is in the vaccination and prevents it

Question 5

Should all horses be vaccinated for tetanus

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

EPM

Answer 6

inflammatory disease of the spinal cord and brain

Question 7

What causes EPM? What is the life cycle of EPM? What is the definitive host? What are the intermediate hosts?

Answer 7

sarcocystis neurona; opossum sheds sporocysts which then are consumed by cats, skunks, or raccoons (intermediate hosts); opossum (definitive host) then eats dead intermediate host and completes life cycle

Question 8

How is EPM transmitted

Answer 8

horse drinks contaminated water or feed

Question 9

What are risk factors for horses developing EPM

Answer 9

• horses being stressed
• horses exposed to opossums

Question 10

Describe the clinical signs of EPM

Answer 10

ataxia (signs similar to rabies)

Question 11

Wobblers

Answer 11

stenosis of the spinal canal with compression of the spinal cord

Question 12

wobblers causes

Answer 12

genetic disposition, trauma, osteochondrosis

Question 13

wobblers clinical signs

Answer 13

ataxia, trouble backing up (mimics all other neurological diseases)

Question 14

How is Wobbler’s diagnosed?

Answer 14

radiographs

Question 15

two types of treatment options for Wobblers

Answer 15

conservative therapy, surgery

Question 16

the most common cause of lameness in horses

Answer 16

sole abscess

Question 17

What are possible causes of sole abscess

Answer 17

damage to hoof, laminitis

Question 18

What are the clinical signs of a sole abscess

Answer 18

sudden onset of non weight bearing lameness

Question 19

How is a sole abscess diagnosed

Answer 19

clinical signs and physical exam

Question 20

How is a sole abscess treated

Answer 20

draining foot, keeping it bandaged, give antibiotics

Question 21

laminitis

Answer 21

inflammation of the lamina

Question 22

acute laminitis vs chronic laminitis

Answer 22

acute: lameness, heat in feet, increased digital pulse

chronic: rings on hoof wall, bruised soles, chronic abscesses, rotation of coffin bone

Question 23

Chronic laminitis is also called

Answer 23

founder

Question 24

What is the laminae?

Answer 24

tissue that attaches hoof to coffin bone

Question 25

several causes of laminitis

Answer 25

- grain overload - obesity - cushing's disease - colic

Question 26

purpose of having a horse stand in ice in acute laminitis

Answer 26

to ease pain and inflammation

Question 27

What NSAIDs are used in treatment of laminitis

Answer 27

phenylbutazone and flumixin meglumine

Question 28

Other than medications, list some treatments for laminitis

Answer 28

therapeutic shoes soft bedding corrective trimming

Question 29

prognosis for laminitis

Answer 29

depends on cause and severity

Question 30

common name for exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER)

Answer 30

tying up

Question 31

What is myoglobinuria? Why does it occur with ER

Answer 31

excess myoglobin; from muscle necrosis (horse is overexercised)

Question 32

How is ER treated

Answer 32

- dietary management - stop exercise

Question 33

dietary management of ER

Answer 33

- low starch diet - supplements

Question 34

What is the bacteria that causes thrush

Answer 34

fusobacterium necrophorum

Question 35

What are some locations ringbone can occur

Answer 35

dorsal surface of p1, p2 and p3

Question 36

What is the difference between bone spavin and bog spavin

Answer 36

bog is distention of joint capsule and bone is arthritis

Question 37

What is navicular disease

Answer 37

inflammation of the navicular bone